aspen Who acts: aspen, long flat stalks, stalks, Aspen wood, aspens, whole forest · What happens: be, make, shake, flutter, leave, tremble · To what, where: tall thin tree, stalks, slightest wind, breeze, solo, aspen trees
«aspen» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: aspen in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An aspen is a tall, thin tree of the poplar family, with round leaves on long, flat stalks that make them shake and flutter in the slightest wind.
The tree, 28 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod case det compound nmod punct case amod conj case amod punct amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp cc conj case det amod obl punct root An DET aspen NOUN is AUX a DET tall ADJ , PUNCT thin ADJ tree NOUN of ADP the DET poplar NOUN family NOUN , PUNCT with ADP round ADJ leaves NOUN on ADP long ADJ , PUNCT flat ADJ stalks NOUN that PRON make VERB them PRON shake VERB and CCONJ flutter VERB in ADP the DET slightest ADJ wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 aspen det 2 aspen aspen NOUN Number=Sing 8 tree nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 tree cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 tree det 5 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 8 tree amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 tall punct 7 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 8 tree amod 8 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 12 family case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 family det 11 poplar poplar NOUN Number=Sing 12 family compound 12 family family NOUN Number=Sing 8 tree nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 leaves punct 14 with with ADP _ 16 leaves case 15 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 16 leaves amod 16 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 8 tree conj 17 on on ADP _ 21 stalks case 18 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 21 stalks amod 19 , , PUNCT _ 18 long punct 20 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 21 stalks amod 21 stalks stalk NOUN Number=Plur 16 leaves nmod 22 that that PRON PronType=Rel 23 make nsubj 23 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 stalks acl:relcl 24 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 make obj 25 shake shake VERB VerbForm=Inf 23 make xcomp 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 flutter cc 27 flutter flutter VERB VerbForm=Inf 25 shake conj 28 in in ADP _ 31 wind case 29 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 31 wind det 30 slightest slight ADJ Degree=Sup 31 wind amod 31 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 27 flutter obl 32 . . PUNCT _ 8 tree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a aspen a tall thin tree and round leaves on long flat stalks of the poplar family tree rules 2 make present long flat stalks stalks = stalk tree rules 3 shake infinitive stalks = stalk not said here vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 4 flutter infinitive stalks = stalk not said here the slightest wind vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Aspen wood is light and soft.
compound nsubj cop cc conj punct root Aspen NOUN wood NOUN is AUX light ADJ and CCONJ soft ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Aspen aspen NOUN Number=Sing 2 wood compound 2 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 4 light nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 light cop 4 light light ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 soft cc 6 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 4 light conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 light punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Aspen wood light property tree rules 2 be Aspen wood not said here tree rules
Example 1 The aspen leaves trembled in the breeze.
det nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root The DET aspen NOUN leaves VERB trembled VERB in ADP the DET breeze NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 aspen det 2 aspen aspen NOUN Number=Sing 3 leaves nsubj 3 leaves leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 trembled tremble VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 leaves xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 breeze case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 breeze det 7 breeze breeze NOUN Number=Sing 4 trembled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 leaves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present the aspen tree rules 2 tremble participle the aspen not said here the breeze vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in breeze=Location
Example 2 In autumn, the aspens turned golden yellow.
case obl punct det nsubj amod xcomp punct root In ADP autumn NOUN , PUNCT the DET aspens NOUN turned VERB golden ADJ yellow ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 autumn case 2 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 6 turned obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 autumn punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 aspens det 5 aspens aspen NOUN Number=Plur 6 turned nsubj 6 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 golden golden ADJ Degree=Pos 8 yellow amod 8 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 6 turned xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past the aspens autumn yellow property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 A whole forest of aspens can grow from one root.
det amod nsubj case nmod aux case nummod obl punct root A DET whole ADJ forest NOUN of ADP aspens NOUN can AUX grow VERB from ADP one NUM root NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 forest det 2 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 3 forest amod 3 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 7 grow nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 5 aspens case 5 aspens aspen NOUN Number=Plur 3 forest nmod 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 grow aux 7 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 from from ADP _ 10 root case 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 root nummod 10 root root NOUN Number=Sing 7 grow obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow can a whole forest of aspens from one root vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from root=Patient
Example 4 She was shaking like an aspen leaf before her solo.
nsubj aux case det amod obl case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON was AUX shaking VERB like ADP an DET aspen ADJ leaf NOUN before ADP her PRON solo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 shaking nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 shaking aux 3 shaking shake VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 like like ADP _ 7 leaf case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 leaf det 6 aspen aspen ADJ Degree=Pos 7 leaf amod 7 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 3 shaking obl 8 before before ADP _ 10 solo case 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 solo nmod:poss 10 solo solo NOUN Number=Sing 3 shaking obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 shaking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shake past · progressive She her solo like a aspen leaf vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before solo=Location 2 solo her = she nom solo «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Beavers like to chew aspen trees.
nsubj mark xcomp compound obj punct root Beavers NOUN like VERB to PART chew VERB aspen NOUN trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Beavers beaver NOUN Number=Plur 2 like nsubj 2 like like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 chew mark 4 chew chew VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 like xcomp 5 aspen aspen NOUN Number=Sing 6 trees compound 6 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 4 chew obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 like punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 like present Beavers vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 chew not said to happen to-infinitive Beavers not said here aspen trees vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient
Example 6 Aspen bark is pale and smooth.
amod nsubj cop cc conj punct root Aspen ADJ bark NOUN is AUX pale ADJ and CCONJ smooth ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Aspen aspen ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bark amod 2 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 4 pale nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 pale cop 4 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 smooth cc 6 smooth smooth ADJ Degree=Pos 4 pale conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 pale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Aspen bark pale property tree rules 2 be Aspen bark not said here tree rules
Example 7 I shook like an aspen leaf at the sight, and my spirit quaked for fear.
The tree, 15 words nsubj case det compound obl case det obl punct cc nmod:poss parataxis acl case obl punct root I PRON shook VERB like ADP an DET aspen NOUN leaf NOUN at ADP the DET sight NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ my PRON spirit NOUN quaked VERB for ADP fear NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 shook nsubj 2 shook shook VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 like like ADP _ 6 leaf case 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 leaf det 5 aspen aspen NOUN Number=Sing 6 leaf compound 6 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 2 shook obl 7 at at ADP _ 9 sight case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sight det 9 sight sight NOUN Number=Sing 2 shook obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 spirit punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 spirit cc 12 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 spirit nmod:poss 13 spirit spirit NOUN Number=Sing 2 shook parataxis 14 quaked quake VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 spirit acl 15 for for ADP _ 16 fear case 16 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 14 quaked obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 shook punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shook present I the sight like a aspen leaf tree rules 2 quake participle my spirit not said here for fear vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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