autumn Who acts: Autumn, leaves, days, Squirrels, We, autumn term · What happens: be, change, fall, get, call, turn · To what, where: season, colour, it, American English, nuts, conkers · Speech: someone speaks here
«autumn» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: autumn in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Autumn is the season between summer and winter, when leaves change colour and fall and days get shorter and cooler.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj punct mark nsubj parataxis obj cc conj cc nsubj conj xcomp cc conj punct root Autumn PROPN is AUX the DET season NOUN between ADP summer NOUN and CCONJ winter NOUN , PUNCT when SCONJ leaves NOUN change VERB colour NOUN and CCONJ fall VERB and CCONJ days NOUN get VERB shorter ADJ and CCONJ cooler ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Autumn Autumn PROPN Number=Sing 4 season nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 season cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 season det 4 season season NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 between between ADP _ 6 summer case 6 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 4 season nmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 winter cc 8 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 6 summer conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 change punct 10 when when SCONJ _ 12 change mark 11 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 12 change nsubj 12 change change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 season parataxis 13 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 12 change obj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 fall cc 15 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 change conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 18 get cc 17 days day NOUN Number=Plur 18 get nsubj 18 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 fall conj 19 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 18 get xcomp 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 cooler cc 21 cooler cool ADJ Degree=Cmp 19 shorter conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 season punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Autumn the season summer tree rules 2 change present leaves colour vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient 3 fall infinitive leaves not said here vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 get present days short property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In American English it is mostly called fall.
case amod obl nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod xcomp punct root In ADP American ADJ English PROPN it PRON is AUX mostly ADV called VERB fall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 English case 2 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 3 English amod 3 English English PROPN Number=Sing 7 called obl 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 called nsubj:pass 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 called aux:pass 6 mostly mostly ADV _ 7 called advmod 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 7 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive it American English mostly property vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 1 In autumn the leaves turn red and gold.
case obl det nsubj xcomp cc conj punct root In ADP autumn NOUN the DET leaves NOUN turn VERB red ADJ and CCONJ gold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 autumn case 2 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 5 turn obl 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 leaves det 4 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 turn nsubj 5 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 5 turn xcomp 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 gold cc 8 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 6 red conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present the leaves autumn red property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Squirrels bury nuts in autumn.
nsubj obj case obl punct root Squirrels NOUN bury VERB nuts NOUN in ADP autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Squirrels squirrel NOUN Number=Plur 2 bury nsubj 2 bury bury VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 nuts nut NOUN Number=Plur 2 bury obj 4 in in ADP _ 5 autumn case 5 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 2 bury obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 bury punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bury present Squirrels nuts autumn vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nut=Theme
Example 3 We collected conkers in autumn.
nsubj obj case obl punct root We PRON collected VERB conkers NOUN in ADP autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 collected nsubj 2 collected collect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 conkers conker NOUN Number=Plur 2 collected obj 4 in in ADP _ 5 autumn case 5 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 2 collected obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 collected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 collect past We conkers autumn vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conker=Theme
Example 4 The autumn term starts in September.
det compound nsubj case obl punct root The DET autumn NOUN term NOUN starts VERB in ADP September PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 term det 2 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 3 term compound 3 term term NOUN Number=Sing 4 starts nsubj 4 starts start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 September case 6 September September PROPN Number=Sing 4 starts obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 starts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present the autumn term september vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 5 Days get shorter in autumn.
nsubj xcomp case obl punct root Days NOUN get VERB shorter ADJ in ADP autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Days day NOUN Number=Plur 2 get nsubj 2 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 get xcomp 4 in in ADP _ 5 autumn case 5 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 3 shorter obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present Days short property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 In Australia, autumn comes in March.
case obl punct nsubj case obl punct root In ADP Australia PROPN , PUNCT autumn NOUN comes VERB in ADP March PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Australia case 2 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 5 comes obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Australia punct 4 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 5 comes nsubj 5 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 March case 7 March March PROPN Number=Sing 5 comes obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present autumn Australia march vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in australia=Location
Example 7 Hedgehogs get ready to hibernate in autumn.
nsubj xcomp mark xcomp case obl punct root Hedgehogs NOUN get VERB ready ADJ to PART hibernate VERB in ADP autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hedgehogs hedgehog NOUN Number=Plur 2 get nsubj 2 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos 2 get xcomp 4 to to PART _ 5 hibernate mark 5 hibernate hibernate VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 ready xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 7 autumn case 7 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 5 hibernate obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present Hedgehogs ready property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 hibernate to-infinitive Hedgehogs not said here autumn vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location
Example 8 I love jumping in piles of autumn leaves.
nsubj xcomp case obl case compound nmod punct root I PRON love VERB jumping VERB in ADP piles NOUN of ADP autumn NOUN leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 love nsubj 2 love love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 jumping jump VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 love xcomp 4 in in ADP _ 5 piles case 5 piles pile NOUN Number=Plur 3 jumping obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 leaves case 7 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 8 leaves compound 8 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 piles nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 love punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 love present I vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 jump not said to happen gerund I not said here piles of autumn leaves vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pile=Trajectory
Example 9 It was growing late in the autumn.
nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct root It PRON was AUX growing VERB late ADV in ADP the DET autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 growing nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 growing aux 3 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 late late ADV Degree=Pos 3 growing advmod 5 in in ADP _ 7 autumn case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 autumn det 7 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 3 growing obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 growing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past · progressive It autumn late property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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