auxiliary Who acts: adjective, auxiliary engine, She, I, am, ship · What happens: give, be, do, use, run, eat · To what, where: extra help, backup, helping verb, auxiliary verb, auxiliary engine, auxiliary · Speech: someone speaks here
«auxiliary» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: auxiliary in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 adjective: Giving extra help or support: an auxiliary engine is a backup.
The tree, 12 words punct acl amod obj cc conj punct det compound nsubj cop det conj punct root adjective NOUN : PUNCT Giving VERB extra ADJ help NOUN or CCONJ support NOUN : PUNCT an DET auxiliary NOUN engine NOUN is AUX a DET backup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 3 Giving punct 3 Giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 adjective acl 4 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 5 help amod 5 help help NOUN Number=Sing 3 Giving obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 support cc 7 support support NOUN Number=Sing 5 help conj 8 : : PUNCT _ 14 backup punct 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 engine det 10 auxiliary auxiliary NOUN Number=Sing 11 engine compound 11 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 14 backup nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 backup cop 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 backup det 14 backup backup NOUN Number=Sing 1 adjective conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 adjective punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give gerund adjective and a backup not said here extra help or support vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Theme 2 is a present a auxiliary engine a backup tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 noun (grammar): A helping verb, like be, have or do, used with another verb: «She IS running», «I HAVE eaten».
The tree, 20 words punct appos punct punct det compound appos punct mark cop punct parataxis cc conj punct acl case det obl punct punct nsubj aux appos punct punct punct nsubj aux conj punct punct root noun NOUN ( PUNCT grammar NOUN ) PUNCT : PUNCT A DET helping NOUN verb NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ be AUX , PUNCT have VERB or CCONJ do VERB , PUNCT used VERB with ADP another DET verb NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT She PRON IS AUX running VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON HAVE AUX eaten VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 grammar punct 3 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 1 noun appos 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 grammar punct 5 : : PUNCT _ 8 verb punct 6 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 verb det 7 helping helping NOUN Number=Sing 8 verb compound 8 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 1 noun appos 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 have punct 10 like like SCONJ _ 13 have mark 11 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 13 have cop 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 have punct 13 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 verb parataxis 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 do cc 15 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 have conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 used punct 17 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 verb acl 18 with with ADP _ 20 verb case 19 another another DET PronType=Ind 20 verb det 20 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 17 used obl 21 : : PUNCT _ 25 running punct 22 « « PUNCT _ 25 running punct 23 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 running nsubj 24 IS be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 running aux 25 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 noun appos 26 » » PUNCT _ 25 running punct 27 , , PUNCT _ 31 eaten punct 28 « « PUNCT _ 31 eaten punct 29 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 31 eaten nsubj 30 HAVE have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 31 eaten aux 31 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 25 running conj 32 » » PUNCT _ 31 eaten punct 33 . . PUNCT _ 1 noun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is infinitive have property tree rules 2 do infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 use participle a helping verb not said here with another verb vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 run in a quote present · progressive She vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 eat in a quote present · perfect I vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 noun.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 . . PUNCT _ 1 noun punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
A helper or extra worker, like a nursing auxiliary.
det cc amod conj punct case det amod conj punct root A DET helper NOUN or CCONJ extra ADJ worker NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET nursing VERB auxiliary NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 helper det 2 helper helper NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 5 worker cc 4 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 5 worker amod 5 worker worker NOUN Number=Sing 2 helper conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 auxiliary punct 7 like like ADP _ 10 auxiliary case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 auxiliary det 9 nursing nurse VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 auxiliary amod 10 auxiliary auxiliary NOUN Number=Sing 2 helper conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 helper punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 nurse gerund vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent
Example 1 In «I am eating», «am» is the auxiliary verb.
The tree, 9 words mark punct nsubj aux punct punct punct nsubj punct cop det compound conj punct root In SCONJ « PUNCT I PRON am AUX eating VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT am NOUN » PUNCT is AUX the DET auxiliary NOUN verb NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in SCONJ _ 5 eating mark 2 « « PUNCT _ 5 eating punct 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 eating nsubj 4 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 eating aux 5 eating eat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 eating punct 7 , , PUNCT _ 14 verb punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 am punct 9 am a.m. NOUN Number=Sing 14 verb nsubj 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 am punct 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 verb cop 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 verb det 13 auxiliary auxiliary NOUN Number=Sing 14 verb compound 14 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 5 eating conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 eating punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat in a quote present · progressive I vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present am the auxiliary verb tree rules
Example 2 The ship used its auxiliary engine.
det nsubj nmod:poss compound obj punct root The DET ship NOUN used VERB its PRON auxiliary NOUN engine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ship det 2 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 3 used nsubj 3 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 engine nmod:poss 5 auxiliary auxiliary NOUN Number=Sing 6 engine compound 6 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past the ship ship's auxiliary engine vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient
Example 3 «Do» is the auxiliary in «Do you like it?».
The tree, 9 words punct csubj punct cop det mark punct aux nsubj acl obj punct punct punct root « PUNCT Do VERB » PUNCT is AUX the DET auxiliary NOUN in SCONJ « PUNCT Do AUX you PRON like VERB it PRON ? PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Do punct 2 Do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 auxiliary csubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Do punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 auxiliary cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 auxiliary det 6 auxiliary auxiliary NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in SCONJ _ 11 like mark 8 « « PUNCT _ 11 like punct 9 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 like aux 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 like nsubj 11 like like VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 auxiliary acl 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 like obj 13 ? ? PUNCT _ 11 like punct 14 » » PUNCT _ 11 like punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 auxiliary punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do in a quote infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present the auxiliary tree rules 3 like in a quote present · do-support you auxiliary vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot it=Theme
Example 4 She works as a nursing auxiliary.
nsubj case det amod obl punct root She PRON works VERB as ADP a DET nursing VERB auxiliary NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 works nsubj 2 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 as as ADP _ 6 auxiliary case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 auxiliary det 5 nursing nurse VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 auxiliary amod 6 auxiliary auxiliary NOUN Number=Sing 2 works obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present She as a nursing auxiliary vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.attribute PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent as auxiliary=Attribute 2 nurse gerund vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The hospital has auxiliary power if the lights go out.
det nsubj compound obj mark det nsubj advcl advmod punct root The DET hospital NOUN has VERB auxiliary NOUN power NOUN if SCONJ the DET lights NOUN go VERB out ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hospital det 2 hospital hospital NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 auxiliary auxiliary NOUN Number=Sing 5 power compound 5 power power NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 if if SCONJ _ 9 go mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lights det 8 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 9 go nsubj 9 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 has advcl 10 out out ADV _ 9 go advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the hospital auxiliary power vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient 2 go out a condition, not said to happen present the lights out property vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Underline the auxiliary verbs.
det compound obj punct root Underline VERB the DET auxiliary NOUN verbs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Underline underline VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 verbs det 3 auxiliary auxiliary NOUN Number=Sing 4 verbs compound 4 verbs verb NOUN Number=Plur 1 Underline obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Underline punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 underline imperative you not said here the auxiliary verbs vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verb=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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