axe Who acts: axe, workers, woodcutter, Vikings, Age people, money · What happens: be, use, cut down, axe, end, ax · To what, where: tool, trees, something, it, TV show, workers · Speech: someone speaks here
«axe» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: axe in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An axe is a tool with a heavy metal blade on a long handle, used for chopping wood or cutting down trees.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det case det amod compound nmod case det amod nmod punct acl case compound obl cc conj compound:prt obj punct root An DET axe NOUN is AUX a DET tool NOUN with ADP a DET heavy ADJ metal NOUN blade NOUN on ADP a DET long ADJ handle NOUN , PUNCT used VERB for ADP chopping NOUN wood NOUN or CCONJ cutting VERB down ADP trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 axe det 2 axe axe NOUN Number=Sing 5 tool nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tool cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tool det 5 tool tool NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 10 blade case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 blade det 8 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 blade amod 9 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 10 blade compound 10 blade blade NOUN Number=Sing 5 tool nmod 11 on on ADP _ 14 handle case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 handle det 13 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 14 handle amod 14 handle handle NOUN Number=Sing 10 blade nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 used punct 16 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 tool acl 17 for for ADP _ 19 wood case 18 chopping chopping NOUN Number=Sing 19 wood compound 19 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 16 used obl 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 cutting cc 21 cutting cut VERB VerbForm=Ger 19 wood conj 22 down down ADP _ 21 cutting compound:prt 23 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 21 cutting obj 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 tool punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a axe a tool with a heavy metal blade on a long handle tree rules 2 use participle a tool not said here for chopping wood vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 cut down gerund trees vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tree=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To axe something is to cut it or end it suddenly: the TV show was axed.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj cc conj obj advmod punct det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass conj punct root To PART axe VERB something PRON is AUX to PART cut VERB it PRON or CCONJ end VERB it PRON suddenly ADV : PUNCT the DET TV NOUN show NOUN was AUX axed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 axe mark 2 axe axe VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 cut advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 axe obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 cut cop 5 to to PART _ 6 cut mark 6 cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 cut obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 end cc 9 end end VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 cut conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 end obj 11 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 9 end advmod 12 : : PUNCT _ 17 axed punct 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 show det 14 TV TV NOUN Number=Sing 15 show compound 15 show show NOUN Number=Sing 17 axed nsubj:pass 16 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 17 axed aux:pass 17 axed ax VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 cut conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 axe to-infinitive something tree rules 2 is present cut property tree rules 3 end infinitive it suddenly property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality 4 ax past · passive the TV show tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To axe workers means to sack them or make them lose their jobs.
mark csubj obj mark xcomp obj cc conj obj xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root To PART axe VERB workers NOUN means VERB to PART sack VERB them PRON or CCONJ make VERB them PRON lose VERB their PRON jobs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 axe mark 2 axe axe VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 workers worker NOUN Number=Plur 2 axe obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 sack mark 6 sack sack VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 sack obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 make cc 9 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 sack conj 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 make obj 11 lose lose VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 make xcomp 12 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 jobs nmod:poss 13 jobs job NOUN Number=Plur 11 lose obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 axe to-infinitive workers tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 sack not said to happen to-infinitive workers = worker vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme 4 make infinitive workers = worker tree rules 5 lose infinitive workers = worker not said here workers's jobs vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality 6 job workers = worker nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 4 «Have an axe to grind» means to have a private reason, often a grudge, for doing or saying something.
The tree, 19 words punct ccomp det obj mark acl punct mark xcomp det amod obj punct advmod det conj punct mark conj cc conj obj punct root « PUNCT Have VERB an DET axe NOUN to PART grind VERB » PUNCT means VERB to PART have VERB a DET private ADJ reason NOUN , PUNCT often ADV a DET grudge NOUN , PUNCT for SCONJ doing VERB or CCONJ saying VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Have punct 2 Have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means ccomp 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 axe det 4 axe axe NOUN Number=Sing 2 Have obj 5 to to PART _ 6 grind mark 6 grind grind VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 axe acl 7 » » PUNCT _ 2 Have punct 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to PART _ 10 have mark 10 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means xcomp 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 reason det 12 private private ADJ Degree=Pos 13 reason amod 13 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 10 have obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 grudge punct 15 often often ADV _ 17 grudge advmod 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 grudge det 17 grudge grudge NOUN Number=Sing 13 reason conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 20 doing punct 19 for for SCONJ _ 20 doing mark 20 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 reason conj 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 saying cc 22 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 20 doing conj 23 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 22 saying obj 24 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have in a quote infinitive a axe vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Patient 2 grind in a quote to-infinitive a axe not said here vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 have not said to happen to-infinitive a private reason and a grudge vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient 5 do gerund vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 6 say speech: assert gerund something vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic
Example 1 The woodcutter chopped the log with his axe.
det nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET woodcutter NOUN chopped VERB the DET log NOUN with ADP his PRON axe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 woodcutter det 2 woodcutter woodcutter NOUN Number=Sing 3 chopped nsubj 3 chopped chop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 log det 5 log log NOUN Number=Sing 3 chopped obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 axe case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 axe nmod:poss 8 axe axe NOUN Number=Sing 3 chopped obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 chopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chop past the woodcutter the log with woodcutter's axe vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent log=Patient with axe=Instrument
Example 2 Vikings fought with axes and shields.
nsubj case obl cc conj punct root Vikings PROPN fought VERB with ADP axes NOUN and CCONJ shields NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Vikings Viking PROPN Number=Plur 2 fought nsubj 2 fought fight VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 4 axes case 4 axes ax NOUN Number=Plur 2 fought obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 shields cc 6 shields shield NOUN Number=Plur 4 axes conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 fought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fight past Vikings with axes and shields vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with ax=Co-Agent
Example 3 Stone Age people made axes from flint.
compound compound nsubj obj case obl punct root Stone PROPN Age PROPN people NOUN made VERB axes NOUN from ADP flint NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stone Stone PROPN Number=Sing 2 Age compound 2 Age Age PROPN Number=Sing 3 people compound 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 axes ax NOUN Number=Plur 4 made obj 6 from from ADP _ 7 flint case 7 flint flint NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Age people axes flint vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent ax=Product from flint=Material
Example 4 The swimming club was axed because there was no money.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass mark expl ccomp det nsubj punct root The DET swimming NOUN club NOUN was AUX axed VERB because SCONJ there PRON was VERB no DET money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 club det 2 swimming swimming NOUN Number=Sing 3 club compound 3 club club NOUN Number=Sing 5 axed nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 axed aux:pass 5 axed ax VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 because because SCONJ _ 8 was mark 7 there there PRON PronType=Dem 8 was expl 8 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 axed ccomp 9 no no DET PronType=Neg 10 money det 10 money money NOUN Number=Sing 8 was nsubj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 axed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ax past · passive the swimming club tree rules 2 be past no money there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Our favourite show got the axe.
nmod:poss amod nsubj det obj punct root Our PRON favourite ADJ show NOUN got VERB the DET axe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 show nmod:poss 2 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos 3 show amod 3 show show NOUN Number=Sing 4 got nsubj 4 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 axe det 6 axe axe NOUN Number=Sing 4 got obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past Our favourite show the axe vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer axe=Stimulus 2 show Our nom show «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Two hundred jobs were axed at the factory.
compound nummod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Two NUM hundred NUM jobs NOUN were AUX axed VERB at ADP the DET factory NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 hundred compound 2 hundred hundred NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 jobs nummod 3 jobs job NOUN Number=Plur 5 axed nsubj:pass 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 axed aux:pass 5 axed ax VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 at at ADP _ 8 factory case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 factory det 8 factory factory NOUN Number=Sing 5 axed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 axed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ax past · passive hundred jobs the factory tree rules
Example 7 He criticised the plan because he had an axe to grind.
nsubj det obj mark nsubj advcl det obj mark acl punct root He PRON criticised VERB the DET plan NOUN because SCONJ he PRON had VERB an DET axe NOUN to PART grind VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 criticised nsubj 2 criticised criticise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 plan det 4 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 2 criticised obj 5 because because SCONJ _ 7 had mark 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 had nsubj 7 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 criticised advcl 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 axe det 9 axe axe NOUN Number=Sing 7 had obj 10 to to PART _ 11 grind mark 11 grind grind VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 axe acl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 criticised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 criticise past He the plan tree rules 2 have past he a axe vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Patient 3 grind to-infinitive he not said here a axe not said here vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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