backlog Who acts: backlog, I, post office, plumbers, Dad, long backlog · What happens: do, wait, list, be, place, burn · To what, where: work, order, things, large log, back, backlog
«backlog» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: backlog in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pile of work or jobs that should have been done already and are still waiting.
The tree, 16 words det case nmod cc conj obj aux aux aux:pass acl:relcl advmod cc aux advmod conj punct root A DET pile NOUN of ADP work NOUN or CCONJ jobs NOUN that PRON should AUX have AUX been AUX done VERB already ADV and CCONJ are AUX still ADV waiting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pile det 2 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 work case 4 work work NOUN Number=Sing 2 pile nmod 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 jobs cc 6 jobs job NOUN Number=Plur 4 work conj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 done obj 8 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 done aux 9 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 done aux 10 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 11 done aux:pass 11 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 work acl:relcl 12 already already ADV _ 11 done advmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 waiting cc 14 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 waiting aux 15 still still ADV _ 16 waiting advmod 16 waiting wait VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 done conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 pile punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do should · perfect · passive work or jobs vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: that=Eventuality 2 wait present · progressive still vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A list of things still to be done in order, such as orders, emails or tasks.
The tree, 16 words det case nmod advmod mark aux:pass acl:relcl case obl punct case fixed nmod punct conj cc conj punct root A DET list NOUN of ADP things NOUN still ADV to PART be AUX done VERB in ADP order NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP orders NOUN , PUNCT emails NOUN or CCONJ tasks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 list det 2 list list NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 things case 4 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 list nmod 5 still still ADV _ 8 done advmod 6 to to PART _ 8 done mark 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 done aux:pass 8 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 things acl:relcl 9 in in ADP _ 10 order case 10 order order NOUN Number=Sing 8 done obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 orders punct 12 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 14 orders case 13 as as ADP _ 12 such fixed 14 orders order NOUN Number=Plur 4 things nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 emails punct 16 emails email NOUN Number=Plur 14 orders conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 tasks cc 18 tasks task NOUN Number=Plur 14 orders conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 list punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do to-infinitive · passive order still vn act-114-1 «NP V» 2 list things such orders and emails or tasks nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 A backlog is a large log placed at the back of a fireplace to burn slowly.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case det obl case det nmod mark acl advmod punct root A DET backlog NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ log NOUN placed VERB at ADP the DET back NOUN of ADP a DET fireplace NOUN to PART burn VERB slowly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 backlog det 2 backlog backlog NOUN Number=Sing 6 log nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 log cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 log det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 log amod 6 log log NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 placed place VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 log acl 8 at at ADP _ 10 back case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 back det 10 back back NOUN Number=Sing 7 placed obl 11 of of ADP _ 13 fireplace case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 fireplace det 13 fireplace fireplace NOUN Number=Sing 10 back nmod 14 to to PART _ 15 burn mark 15 burn burn VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 fireplace acl 16 slowly slowly ADV _ 15 burn advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 log punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a backlog a large log tree rules 2 place participle a large log not said here the back of a fireplace vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at back=Destination 3 burn to-infinitive slowly property vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 After a week off sick, I had a backlog of homework.
case det obl compound:prt punct nsubj conj det obj case nmod punct root After ADP a DET week NOUN off ADP sick ADJ , PUNCT I PRON had VERB a DET backlog NOUN of ADP homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 week case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 week det 3 week week NOUN Number=Sing 5 sick obl 4 off off ADP _ 5 sick compound:prt 5 sick sick ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 had punct 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 had nsubj 8 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sick conj 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 backlog det 10 backlog backlog NOUN Number=Sing 8 had obj 11 of of ADP _ 12 homework case 12 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 10 backlog nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 sick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past I a backlog of homework vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent backlog=Patient
Example 2 The post office has a huge backlog of parcels before Christmas.
det compound nsubj det amod obj case nmod case nmod punct root The DET post NOUN office NOUN has VERB a DET huge ADJ backlog NOUN of ADP parcels NOUN before ADP Christmas PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 office det 2 post post NOUN Number=Sing 3 office compound 3 office office NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 backlog det 6 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 7 backlog amod 7 backlog backlog NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 parcels case 9 parcels parcel NOUN Number=Plur 7 backlog nmod 10 before before ADP _ 11 Christmas case 11 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 9 parcels nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the post office a huge backlog of parcels before Christmas vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent backlog=Patient
Example 3 The plumbers are busy clearing a backlog of jobs.
det nsubj cop advcl det obj case nmod punct root The DET plumbers NOUN are AUX busy ADJ clearing VERB a DET backlog NOUN of ADP jobs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plumbers det 2 plumbers plumber NOUN Number=Plur 4 busy nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 busy cop 4 busy busy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 clearing clear VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 busy advcl 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 backlog det 7 backlog backlog NOUN Number=Sing 5 clearing obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 jobs case 9 jobs job NOUN Number=Plur 7 backlog nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 busy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the plumbers busy property tree rules 2 clear gerund the plumbers not said here a backlog of jobs vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent backlog=Source
Example 4 Dad spent Sunday working through his backlog of emails.
nsubj obj advcl case nmod:poss obl case nmod punct root Dad NOUN spent VERB Sunday PROPN working VERB through ADP his PRON backlog NOUN of ADP emails NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 spent nsubj 2 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Sunday Sunday PROPN Number=Sing 2 spent obj 4 working work VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 spent advcl 5 through through ADP _ 7 backlog case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 backlog nmod:poss 7 backlog backlog NOUN Number=Sing 4 working obl 8 of of ADP _ 9 emails case 9 emails email NOUN Number=Plur 7 backlog nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 spent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend past Dad sunday vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 work gerund Dad not said here Dad's backlog of emails vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 There is a long backlog of patients waiting at the hospital.
expl det amod nsubj case nmod acl case det obl punct root There PRON is VERB a DET long ADJ backlog NOUN of ADP patients NOUN waiting VERB at ADP the DET hospital NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 backlog det 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 backlog amod 5 backlog backlog NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 6 of of ADP _ 7 patients case 7 patients patient NOUN Number=Plur 5 backlog nmod 8 waiting wait VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 patients acl 9 at at ADP _ 11 hospital case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 hospital det 11 hospital hospital NOUN Number=Sing 8 waiting obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a long backlog of patients there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 wait gerund patients not said here the hospital vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at hospital=Location
Example 6 Our game-making team keeps a backlog of ideas.
nmod:poss compound punct amod nsubj det obj case nmod punct root Our PRON game NOUN - PUNCT making VERB team NOUN keeps VERB a DET backlog NOUN of ADP ideas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 team nmod:poss 2 game game NOUN Number=Sing 4 making compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 game punct 4 making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 team amod 5 team team NOUN Number=Sing 6 keeps nsubj 6 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 backlog det 8 backlog backlog NOUN Number=Sing 6 keeps obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 ideas case 10 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 8 backlog nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make gerund vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 keep present Our making team a backlog of ideas vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent backlog=Theme
Example 7 Snow caused a backlog of trains at the station.
nsubj det obj case nmod case det obl punct root Snow NOUN caused VERB a DET backlog NOUN of ADP trains NOUN at ADP the DET station NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 2 caused nsubj 2 caused cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 backlog det 4 backlog backlog NOUN Number=Sing 2 caused obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 trains case 6 trains train NOUN Number=Plur 4 backlog nmod 7 at at ADP _ 9 station case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 station det 9 station station NOUN Number=Sing 2 caused obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause past Snow a backlog of trains the station vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition backlog=Patient
Example 8 The next thing she did was to rake back the red embers, and make a hollow place among them, just where the backlog had been.
The tree, 25 words det amod nsubj nsubj acl:relcl cop mark advmod det amod obj punct cc conj det amod obj case obl punct advmod advmod det nsubj aux advcl punct root The DET next ADJ thing NOUN she PRON did VERB was AUX to PART rake VERB back ADV the DET red ADJ embers NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ make VERB a DET hollow ADJ place NOUN among ADP them PRON , PUNCT just ADV where ADV the DET backlog NOUN had AUX been VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 thing det 2 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 3 thing amod 3 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 8 rake nsubj 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 did nsubj 5 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 thing acl:relcl 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 rake cop 7 to to PART _ 8 rake mark 8 rake rake VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 back back ADV _ 8 rake advmod 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 embers det 11 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 12 embers amod 12 embers ember NOUN Number=Plur 8 rake obj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 make punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 make cc 15 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 rake conj 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 place det 17 hollow hollow ADJ Degree=Pos 18 place amod 18 place place NOUN Number=Sing 15 make obj 19 among among ADP _ 20 them case 20 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 make obl 21 , , PUNCT _ 27 been punct 22 just just ADV _ 27 been advmod 23 where where ADV PronType=Rel 27 been advmod 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 backlog det 25 backlog backlog NOUN Number=Sing 27 been nsubj 26 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 27 been aux 27 been be VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 15 make advcl 28 . . PUNCT _ 8 rake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do past she the next thing not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality 2 is past the next thing rake property tree rules 3 make infinitive the next thing not said here a hollow place among embers = ember vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset place=Product 4 be past · perfect the backlog vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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