balloon Who acts: balloon, that, air balloon, basket, 4 bags, bag · What happens: be, fill, float, carry, have, pop · To what, where: thin rubber bag, big balloon, people, sky, 7 balloons, 12 balloons
«balloon» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: balloon in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A balloon is a thin rubber bag that you fill with air or gas; it floats if filled with helium.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det amod compound nsubj nsubj parataxis case obl cc conj punct nsubj conj mark advcl case obl punct root A DET balloon NOUN is AUX a DET thin ADJ rubber NOUN bag NOUN that PRON you PRON fill VERB with ADP air NOUN or CCONJ gas NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON floats VERB if SCONJ filled VERB with ADP helium NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 balloon det 2 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 7 bag nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bag cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bag det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bag amod 6 rubber rubber NOUN Number=Sing 7 bag compound 7 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 fill nsubj 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 fill nsubj 10 fill fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bag parataxis 11 with with ADP _ 12 air case 12 air air NOUN Number=Sing 10 fill obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 gas cc 14 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 12 air conj 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 floats punct 16 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 floats nsubj 17 floats float VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 fill conj 18 if if SCONJ _ 19 filled mark 19 filled fill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 floats advcl 20 with with ADP _ 21 helium case 21 helium helium NOUN Number=Sing 19 filled obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 7 bag punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a balloon a thin rubber bag tree rules 2 fill present that with air or gas vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with air=Instrument 3 float present balloon vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 fill a condition, not said to happen participle balloon not said here with helium vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with helium=Instrument
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A hot-air balloon is a very big balloon with a basket that can carry people through the sky.
The tree, 19 words det amod punct compound nsubj cop det advmod amod case det nmod nsubj aux acl:relcl obj case det obl punct root A DET hot ADJ - PUNCT air NOUN balloon NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV big ADJ balloon NOUN with ADP a DET basket NOUN that PRON can AUX carry VERB people NOUN through ADP the DET sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 balloon det 2 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 4 air amod 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 hot punct 4 air air NOUN Number=Sing 5 balloon compound 5 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 10 balloon nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 balloon cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 balloon det 8 very very ADV _ 9 big advmod 9 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 10 balloon amod 10 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 with with ADP _ 13 basket case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 basket det 13 basket basket NOUN Number=Sing 10 balloon nmod 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 carry nsubj 15 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 16 carry aux 16 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 basket acl:relcl 17 people people NOUN Number=Plur 16 carry obj 18 through through ADP _ 20 sky case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 sky det 20 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 16 carry obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 10 balloon punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a air balloon a big balloon with a basket tree rules 2 carry can a basket people the sky vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme
Meaning 3 To balloon is to grow bigger very fast.
mark advcl cop mark xcomp advmod advmod punct root To PART balloon NOUN is AUX to PART grow VERB bigger ADJ very ADV fast ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 balloon mark 2 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 5 grow advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 grow cop 4 to to PART _ 5 grow mark 5 grow grow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 grow xcomp 7 very very ADV _ 8 fast advmod 8 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 5 grow advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present big, fast, grow property tree rules
Example 1 There are 4 bags. Each bag has 7 balloons. How many balloons are there?
Sentence 1: There are 4 bags.
expl nummod nsubj punct root There PRON are VERB 4 NUM bags NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 bags nummod 4 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 4 bags there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: Each bag has 7 balloons.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET bag NOUN has VERB 7 NUM balloons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 bag det 2 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 balloons nummod 5 balloons balloon NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each bag 7 balloons vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balloon=Patient
Sentence 3: How many balloons are there?
advmod amod nsubj cop punct root How ADV many ADJ balloons NOUN are AUX there ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 balloons amod 3 balloons balloon NOUN Number=Plur 5 there nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 there cop 5 there there ADV PronType=Dem root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 there punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present many balloons there property tree rules
Example 2 Sam had 12 balloons and 5 popped.
nsubj nummod obj cc nsubj conj punct root Sam PROPN had VERB 12 NUM balloons NOUN and CCONJ 5 NUM popped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 balloons nummod 4 balloons balloon NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 popped cc 6 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 popped nsubj 7 popped pop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Sam 12 balloons vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balloon=Patient 2 pop past 5 vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 Mia has 6 red balloons and 3 blue balloons.
nsubj nummod amod obj cc nummod amod conj punct root Mia PROPN has VERB 6 NUM red ADJ balloons NOUN and CCONJ 3 NUM blue ADJ balloons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 balloons nummod 4 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 5 balloons amod 5 balloons balloon NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 balloons cc 7 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 balloons nummod 8 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 9 balloons amod 9 balloons balloon NOUN Number=Plur 5 balloons conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Mia 6 red balloons and 3 blue balloons vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balloon=Patient
Example 4 We blew up balloons for Dad's party.
nsubj compound:prt obj case nmod:poss case obl punct root We PRON blew VERB up ADP balloons NOUN for ADP Dad PROPN 's PART party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 blew nsubj 2 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 blew compound:prt 4 balloons balloon NOUN Number=Plur 2 blew obj 5 for for ADP _ 8 party case 6 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 8 party nmod:poss 7 's 's PART _ 6 Dad case 8 party party NOUN Number=Sing 2 blew obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 blew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow up past We balloons for Dad's party vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent balloon=Material for party=Beneficiary
Example 5 The balloon floated up into the sky.
det nsubj compound:prt case det obl punct root The DET balloon NOUN floated VERB up ADP into ADP the DET sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 balloon det 2 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 3 floated nsubj 3 floated float VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 floated compound:prt 5 into into ADP _ 7 sky case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sky det 7 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 3 floated obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 floated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 float up past the balloon the sky vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into sky=Destination
Example 6 Rub a balloon on your hair and it sticks to the wall.
det obj case nmod:poss obl cc nsubj conj case det obl punct root Rub VERB a DET balloon NOUN on ADP your PRON hair NOUN and CCONJ it PRON sticks VERB to ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rub rub VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 balloon det 3 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rub obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 hair case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 hair nmod:poss 6 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rub obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 sticks cc 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 sticks nsubj 9 sticks stick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Rub conj 10 to to ADP _ 12 wall case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 wall det 12 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 9 sticks obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Rub punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub imperative you not said here a balloon your hair vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent balloon=Theme on hair=Destination 2 stick present balloon to the wall vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
Example 7 A hot-air balloon drifted over the fields.
det amod punct compound acl case det obl punct root A DET hot ADJ - PUNCT air NOUN balloon NOUN drifted VERB over ADP the DET fields NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 balloon det 2 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 4 air amod 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 hot punct 4 air air NOUN Number=Sing 5 balloon compound 5 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 drifted drift VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 balloon acl 7 over over ADP _ 9 fields case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 fields det 9 fields field NOUN Number=Plur 6 drifted obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 balloon punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drift participle a air balloon not said here the fields vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over field=Trajectory
Example 8 Pop! The balloon burst when it hit the rose bush.
Sentence 1: Pop!
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pop pop NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Pop punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: The balloon burst when it hit the rose bush.
det nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp det compound obj punct root The DET balloon NOUN burst VERB when ADV it PRON hit VERB the DET rose NOUN bush NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 balloon det 2 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 3 burst nsubj 3 burst burst VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 hit advmod 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 hit nsubj 6 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 burst ccomp 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bush det 8 rose rose NOUN Number=Sing 9 bush compound 9 bush bush NOUN Number=Sing 6 hit obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 burst punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burst past the balloon tree rules 2 hit past balloon the rose bush vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bush=Co-Theme
Example 9 “Well, really,” exclaimed a small Fire-balloon, “why not?
The tree, 9 words punct discourse punct advmod punct punct det amod compound punct obj punct punct advmod advmod punct root “ PUNCT Well INTJ , PUNCT really ADV , PUNCT ” PUNCT exclaimed VERB a DET small ADJ Fire NOUN - PUNCT balloon NOUN , PUNCT “ PUNCT why ADV not PART ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 7 exclaimed punct 2 Well well INTJ _ 7 exclaimed discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Well punct 4 really really ADV _ 7 exclaimed advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 really punct 6 ” " PUNCT _ 4 really punct 7 exclaimed exclaim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 balloon det 9 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 12 balloon amod 10 Fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 12 balloon compound 11 - - PUNCT _ 10 Fire punct 12 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 7 exclaimed obj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 not punct 14 “ " PUNCT _ 16 not punct 15 why why ADV PronType=Int 16 not advmod 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 exclaimed advmod 17 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 exclaimed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not exclaim speech: express past a small Fire balloon vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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