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barbarian

Who acts: name, Greeks, person, You, Romans, Barbarian tribes · What happens: give, see, behave, put, build, keep out · To what, where: people, world, cruel way, ketchup, that, walls · Speech: someone speaks here

«barbarian» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: barbarian in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

A name the ancient Greeks and Romans gave to people from outside their world, whom they saw as wild and uncivilised.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 name	det
2	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gave	nsubj
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Greeks	det
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 Greeks	amod
5	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	Number=Plur	8 gave	nsubj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 Romans	cc
7	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 Greeks	conj
8	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 people	case
10	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 gave	obl
11	from	from	ADP	_	14 world	case
12	outside	outside	ADP	_	14 world	case
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 world	nmod:poss
14	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gave	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 saw	punct
16	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 saw	obj
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 saw	nsubj
18	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 world	acl:relcl
19	as	as	ADP	_	20 wild	case
20	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 saw	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 uncivilised	cc
22	uncivilised	uncivilised	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 wild	conj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 gave	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	past	a name		people	Greeks's world			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to people=Recipient
2	see	past	Greeks = greek	Greeks's world				as wild	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus as wild=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A person who behaves in a very cruel, violent or rough way.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 behaves	nsubj
4	behaves	behave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 person	acl:relcl
5	in	in	ADP	_	13 way	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 way	det
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 cruel	advmod
8	cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 way	amod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 violent	punct
10	violent	violent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 cruel	conj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 rough	cc
12	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 cruel	conj
13	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 behaves	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 person	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	behave	present	a person			a cruel way			vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

Usage: informal, jokey — kept apart, not parsed.

A person with bad manners or no taste.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 manners	case
4	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 manners	amod
5	manners	manners	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 person	nmod
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 taste	cc
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 taste	det
8	taste	taste	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 person	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 person	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"You put ketchup on that? You barbarian!"

Sentence 1: "You put ketchup on that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 put	punct
2	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 put	nsubj
3	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	ketchup	ketchup	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 put	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	6 that	case
6	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 put	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put in a quote	past	You	ketchup		that			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent ketchup=Theme on that=Destination

Sentence 2: You barbarian!"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 barbarian	nsubj
2	barbarian	barbarian	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 barbarian	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 barbarian	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

The Romans built walls to keep out the barbarians.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Romans	det
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 built	nsubj
3	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 built	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 keep	mark
6	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 built	advcl
7	out	out	ADP	_	6 keep	compound:prt
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 barbarians	det
9	barbarians	barbarian	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 keep	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past	the Romans	walls					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Product
2	keep out	to-infinitive	the Romans not said here	the barbarians					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barbarian=Theme

Example 2

The Greeks called foreigners barbarians because their speech sounded like "bar-bar".

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Greeks	det
2	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 called	nsubj
3	called	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	foreigners	foreigner	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 barbarians	compound
5	barbarians	barbarian	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 called	obj
6	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	8 speech	case
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 speech	nmod:poss
8	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 called	obl
9	sounded	sound	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 speech	acl
10	like	like	ADP	_	14 bar	case
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 bar	punct
12	bar	bar	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 bar	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 bar	punct
14	bar	bar	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sounded	obl
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 bar	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	past	the Greeks	foreigners barbarians				because Greeks's speech	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent barbarian=Recipient
2	sound	participle		Greeks's speech not said here				like bar bar	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
3	speak		Greeks = greek						nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 3

Barbarian tribes attacked Rome.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Barbarian	barbarian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 tribes	amod
2	tribes	tribe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 attacked	nsubj
3	attacked	attack	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 attacked	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 attacked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attack	past	Barbarian tribes	Rome					vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rome=Patient

Example 4

"Who eats pizza with pineapple? Barbarians!" joked my uncle.

Sentence 1: "Who eats pizza with pineapple?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 eats	punct
2	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 eats	nsubj
3	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	pizza	pizza	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eats	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 pineapple	case
6	pineapple	pineapple	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eats	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 eats	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat in a quote	present		pizza				with pineapple	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pizza=Patient

Sentence 2: Barbarians!" joked my uncle.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Barbarians	barbarian	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 joked	nsubj
2	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Barbarians	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Barbarians	punct
4	joked	joke	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 uncle	nmod:poss
6	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 joked	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 joked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	joke speech: other in a quote	past	Barbarians	my uncle					tree rules

Example 5

Only a barbarian would hurt an animal for fun.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 barbarian	advmod
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 barbarian	det
3	barbarian	barbarian	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hurt	nsubj
4	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 hurt	aux
5	hurt	hurt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 animal	det
7	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hurt	obj
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 fun	case
9	fun	fun	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hurt	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 hurt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hurt	would	a barbarian	a animal				for fun	vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer animal=Patient

Example 6

The Vikings were seen as barbarians by the monks they raided.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Vikings	det
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 seen	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 seen	aux:pass
4	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	as	as	ADP	_	6 barbarians	case
6	barbarians	barbarian	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 seen	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 monks	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 monks	det
9	monks	monk	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 seen	obl
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 raided	nsubj
11	raided	raid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 monks	acl:relcl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 seen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past · passive	the monks	the Vikings				as barbarians	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus as barbarian=Attribute
2	raid	past	Vikings = viking	the monks not said here					vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent monk=Location

Example 7

Had his thoughts ventured to fly with the ships of the barbarians, to their homes in far distant England?

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 ventured	aux
2	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 thoughts	nmod:poss
3	thoughts	thought	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ventured	nsubj
4	ventured	venture	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fly	mark
6	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 ventured	xcomp
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 ships	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ships	det
9	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fly	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 barbarians	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 barbarians	det
12	barbarians	barbarian	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 ships	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 homes	punct
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 homes	case
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 homes	nmod:poss
16	homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fly	obl
17	in	in	ADP	_	20 England	case
18	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	19 distant	advmod
19	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 England	amod
20	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 homes	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 ventured	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	venture	past	his thoughts						vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fly	to-infinitive	his thoughts not said here					with the ships of the barbarians; to thoughts's homes in distant England result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to home=Result
3	think		his = he						nom thought «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/barbarian/