barb Who acts: barb, sharp point, unkind remark, barbs, bee, fish · What happens: be, stick out, pull out, mean, hurt, sting · To what, where: sharp point, tip, unkind remark, someone, thin side threads, feather
«barb» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: barb in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A barb is a sharp point that sticks out backwards from the tip of a fish hook, arrow or wire, so it is hard to pull out.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt advmod case det obl case det compound nmod punct conj cc conj punct advmod expl cop parataxis mark xcomp compound:prt punct root A DET barb NOUN is AUX a DET sharp ADJ point NOUN that PRON sticks VERB out ADP backwards ADV from ADP the DET tip NOUN of ADP a DET fish NOUN hook NOUN , PUNCT arrow NOUN or CCONJ wire NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON is AUX hard ADJ to PART pull VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 barb det 2 barb barb NOUN Number=Sing 6 point nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 point cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 point det 5 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 6 point amod 6 point point NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 sticks nsubj 8 sticks stick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 point acl:relcl 9 out out ADP _ 8 sticks compound:prt 10 backwards backwards ADV _ 8 sticks advmod 11 from from ADP _ 13 tip case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 tip det 13 tip tip NOUN Number=Sing 8 sticks obl 14 of of ADP _ 17 hook case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 hook det 16 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 17 hook compound 17 hook hook NOUN Number=Sing 13 tip nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 arrow punct 19 arrow arrow NOUN Number=Sing 17 hook conj 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 wire cc 21 wire wire NOUN Number=Sing 19 arrow conj 22 , , PUNCT _ 26 hard punct 23 so so ADV _ 26 hard advmod 24 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 26 hard expl 25 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 hard cop 26 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sticks parataxis 27 to to PART _ 28 pull mark 28 pull pull VERB VerbForm=Inf 26 hard xcomp 29 out out ADP _ 28 pull compound:prt 30 . . PUNCT _ 6 point punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a barb a sharp point tree rules 2 stick out present a sharp point the tip of a fish hook and arrow or wire backwards property vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 is present hard property tree rules 4 pull out to-infinitive vn withdraw-82-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A barb is an unkind remark meant to hurt someone.
det nsubj cop det amod acl mark xcomp obj punct root A DET barb NOUN is AUX an DET unkind ADJ remark NOUN meant VERB to PART hurt VERB someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 barb det 2 barb barb NOUN Number=Sing 6 remark nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 remark cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 remark det 5 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos 6 remark amod 6 remark remark NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 meant mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 remark acl 8 to to PART _ 9 hurt mark 9 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 meant xcomp 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 hurt obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 remark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a barb a unkind remark tree rules 2 mean past a unkind remark not said here vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 hurt not said to happen to-infinitive a unkind remark not said here someone vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient
Meaning 3 In biology, barbs are the thin side threads on a feather, and the sharp backward hooks on a bee's sting.
The tree, 21 words case punct nsubj cop det amod compound conj case det nmod punct cc det amod amod conj case det nmod:poss case nmod punct root In ADP biology NOUN , PUNCT barbs NOUN are AUX the DET thin ADJ side NOUN threads NOUN on ADP a DET feather NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET sharp ADJ backward ADJ hooks NOUN on ADP a DET bee NOUN 's PART sting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 biology case 2 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 9 threads punct 4 barbs barb NOUN Number=Plur 9 threads nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 threads cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 threads det 7 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 9 threads amod 8 side side NOUN Number=Sing 9 threads compound 9 threads thread NOUN Number=Plur 2 biology conj 10 on on ADP _ 12 feather case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 feather det 12 feather feather NOUN Number=Sing 9 threads nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 hooks punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 18 hooks cc 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 hooks det 16 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 18 hooks amod 17 backward backward ADJ Degree=Pos 18 hooks amod 18 hooks hook NOUN Number=Plur 2 biology conj 19 on on ADP _ 23 sting case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 bee det 21 bee bee NOUN Number=Sing 23 sting nmod:poss 22 's 's PART _ 21 bee case 23 sting sting NOUN Number=Sing 18 hooks nmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 2 biology punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present barbs the thin side threads a feather tree rules 2 sting a bee nom sting «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 The fish hook has a barb so the fish can't slip off.
det nsubj aux det obj mark det nsubj aux advmod advcl compound:prt punct root The DET fish NOUN hook VERB has AUX a DET barb NOUN so SCONJ the DET fish NOUN ca AUX n't PART slip VERB off ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fish det 2 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 3 hook nsubj 3 hook hook VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 barb aux 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 barb det 6 barb barb NOUN Number=Sing 3 hook obj 7 so so SCONJ _ 12 slip mark 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 fish det 9 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 12 slip nsubj 10 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 slip aux 11 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 12 slip advmod 12 slip slip VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 hook advcl 13 off off ADP _ 12 slip compound:prt 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 hook punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hook present the fish a barb vn rotate-51.9.1-1 «NP V NP.extent»: agent=Theme barb=Extent 2 not slip off can the fish vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 2 The bee's sting has tiny barbs.
det nmod:poss case nsubj amod obj punct root The DET bee NOUN 's PART sting NOUN has VERB tiny ADJ barbs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bee det 2 bee bee NOUN Number=Sing 4 sting nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 bee case 4 sting sting NOUN Number=Sing 5 has nsubj 5 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 barbs amod 7 barbs barb NOUN Number=Plur 5 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the bee's sting tiny barbs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barb=Patient 2 sting the bee nom sting «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Barbed wire runs along the top of the fence.
amod nsubj case det obl case det nmod punct root Barbed VERB wire NOUN runs VERB along ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Barbed barb VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 wire amod 2 wire wire NOUN Number=Sing 3 runs nsubj 3 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 along along ADP _ 6 top case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 top det 6 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 runs obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 fence case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 fence det 9 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 6 top nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 runs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 barb participle tree rules 2 run present Barbed wire the top of the fence vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along top=Trajectory
Example 4 Her barb about my hair really hurt.
nmod:poss nsubj case nmod:poss nmod advmod punct root Her PRON barb NOUN about ADP my PRON hair NOUN really ADV hurt VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 barb nmod:poss 2 barb barb NOUN Number=Sing 7 hurt nsubj 3 about about ADP _ 5 hair case 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 hair nmod:poss 5 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 2 barb nmod 6 really really ADV _ 7 hurt advmod 7 hurt hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 hurt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurt past Her barb about my hair vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 Each feather has hundreds of tiny barbs.
det nsubj obj case amod nmod punct root Each DET feather NOUN has VERB hundreds NOUN of ADP tiny ADJ barbs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 feather det 2 feather feather NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 barbs case 6 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 barbs amod 7 barbs barb NOUN Number=Plur 4 hundreds nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each feather hundreds of tiny barbs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Patient
Example 6 Be careful — the barbs on the wire are sharp.
cop csubj punct det nsubj case det nmod cop punct root Be AUX careful ADJ — PUNCT the DET barbs NOUN on ADP the DET wire NOUN are AUX sharp ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 2 careful cop 2 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 10 sharp csubj 3 — - PUNCT _ 2 careful punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 barbs det 5 barbs barb NOUN Number=Plur 10 sharp nsubj 6 on on ADP _ 8 wire case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 wire det 8 wire wire NOUN Number=Sing 5 barbs nmod 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 sharp cop 10 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 sharp punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is infinitive careful property tree rules 2 is present the barbs on the wire sharp property tree rules
Example 7 The arrowhead had a barb at the back.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET arrowhead NOUN had VERB a DET barb NOUN at ADP the DET back NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 arrowhead det 2 arrowhead arrowhead NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 barb det 5 barb barb NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 back case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 back det 8 back back NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the arrowhead a barb the back vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barb=Patient
Example 8 He ignored the barbs from the other team.
nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root He PRON ignored VERB the DET barbs NOUN from ADP the DET other ADJ team NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 ignored nsubj 2 ignored ignore VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 barbs det 4 barbs barb NOUN Number=Plur 2 ignored obj 5 from from ADP _ 8 team case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 team det 7 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 team amod 8 team team NOUN Number=Sing 2 ignored obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 ignored punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ignore past He the barbs the other team vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barb=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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