bat Who acts: bat, that, stick, eye, Bats, He · What happens: fly, be, come out, hit, mean, take · To what, where: small flying animal, stick, ball, games, turn, surprise · Speech: someone speaks here
«bat» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bat in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bat is a small flying animal with wings of skin that comes out at night.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case nmod case nmod nsubj parataxis compound:prt case obl punct root A DET bat NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ flying VERB animal NOUN with ADP wings NOUN of ADP skin NOUN that PRON comes VERB out ADP at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bat det 2 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 animal det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 animal amod 6 flying fly VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 animal amod 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 with with ADP _ 9 wings case 9 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 7 animal nmod 10 of of ADP _ 11 skin case 11 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 9 wings nmod 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 comes nsubj 13 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal parataxis 14 out out ADP _ 13 comes compound:prt 15 at at ADP _ 16 night case 16 night night NOUN Number=Sing 13 comes obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly gerund vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a bat a small flying animal with wings of skin tree rules 3 come out present that night vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A bat is also a stick or club for hitting the ball in games like cricket, baseball and rounders.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop advmod det cc conj mark acl det obj case obl case nmod punct conj cc conj punct root A DET bat NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET stick NOUN or CCONJ club NOUN for SCONJ hitting VERB the DET ball NOUN in ADP games NOUN like ADP cricket NOUN , PUNCT baseball NOUN and CCONJ rounders NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bat det 2 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stick cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 stick advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 stick det 6 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 club cc 8 club club NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick conj 9 for for SCONJ _ 10 hitting mark 10 hitting hit VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 stick acl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 ball det 12 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 10 hitting obj 13 in in ADP _ 14 games case 14 games game NOUN Number=Plur 10 hitting obl 15 like like ADP _ 16 cricket case 16 cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 14 games nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 baseball punct 18 baseball baseball NOUN Number=Sing 16 cricket conj 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 rounders cc 20 rounders rounder NOUN Number=Plur 16 cricket conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 stick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bat a stick or club tree rules 2 hit gerund a stick or club not said here the ball games like cricket and baseball and rounders vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent ball=Theme in game=Destination
Meaning 3 To bat means to take a turn at hitting the ball.
mark nsubj mark ccomp det obj mark advcl det obj punct root To PART bat NOUN means VERB to PART take VERB a DET turn NOUN at SCONJ hitting VERB the DET ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 bat mark 2 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 take mark 5 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means ccomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 turn det 7 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 5 take obj 8 at at SCONJ _ 9 hitting mark 9 hitting hit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 take advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 ball det 11 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 9 hitting obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present bat vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 take not said to happen to-infinitive a turn vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turn=Theme 3 hit gerund the ball vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ball=Co-Theme
Meaning 4 «Not bat an eye» means to not show any surprise.
punct advmod nsubj det nsubj punct mark advmod xcomp det obj punct root « PUNCT Not PART bat NOUN an DET eye NOUN » PUNCT means VERB to PART not PART show VERB any DET surprise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 eye punct 2 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 bat advmod 3 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 5 eye nsubj 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 eye det 5 eye eye NOUN Number=Sing 7 means nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 eye punct 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 10 show mark 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 show advmod 10 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means xcomp 11 any any DET PronType=Ind 12 surprise det 12 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 10 show obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eye in a quote bat tree rules 2 mean present a eye vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 not show not said to happen to-infinitive a eye not said here any surprise vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent surprise=Recipient
Example 1 A bat flew out of the cave at dusk.
det nsubj case case det obl case nmod punct root A DET bat NOUN flew VERB out ADP of ADP the DET cave NOUN at ADP dusk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bat det 2 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew nsubj 3 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 7 cave case 5 of of ADP _ 7 cave case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cave det 7 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew obl 8 at at ADP _ 9 dusk case 9 dusk dusk NOUN Number=Sing 7 cave nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly out past a bat the cave at dusk vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cave=Theme
Example 2 Bats hang upside down when they sleep.
nsubj obj advmod mark nsubj advcl punct root Bats NOUN hang VERB upside NOUN down ADV when SCONJ they PRON sleep VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 2 hang nsubj 2 hang hang VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 upside upside NOUN Number=Sing 2 hang obj 4 down down ADV _ 2 hang advmod 5 when when SCONJ _ 7 sleep mark 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 sleep nsubj 7 sleep sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 hang advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 hang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hang down present Bats upside down property vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Patient 2 sleep present Bats = bat vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Bats find insects in the dark using echoes.
nsubj obj case det obl advcl obj punct root Bats NOUN find VERB insects NOUN in ADP the DET dark NOUN using VERB echoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 2 find nsubj 2 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 2 find obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 dark case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dark det 6 dark dark NOUN Number=Sing 2 find obl 7 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 find advcl 8 echoes echo NOUN Number=Plur 7 using obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 find punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find present Bats insects the dark vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Topic 2 use gerund Bats not said here echoes vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Patient
Example 4 He hit the ball hard with the cricket bat.
nsubj det obj advmod case det compound obl punct root He PRON hit VERB the DET ball NOUN hard ADV with ADP the DET cricket NOUN bat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 hit nsubj 2 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 ball det 4 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 2 hit obj 5 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 2 hit advmod 6 with with ADP _ 9 bat case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bat det 8 cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 9 bat compound 9 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 2 hit obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 hit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hit past He the ball with the cricket bat; hard property vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent ball=Patient with bat=Instrument
Example 5 It's your turn to bat!
nsubj cop nmod:poss mark acl punct root It PRON 's AUX your PRON turn NOUN to PART bat NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 turn nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 turn cop 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 turn nmod:poss 4 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to PART _ 6 bat mark 6 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 4 turn acl 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It your turn tree rules
Example 6 She batted first for her team.
nsubj advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON batted VERB first ADV for ADP her PRON team NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 batted nsubj 2 batted bat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 2 batted advmod 4 for for ADP _ 6 team case 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 team nmod:poss 6 team team NOUN Number=Sing 2 batted obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 batted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bat past She for her team; first property vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Never pick up a bat; tell an adult.
advmod compound:prt det obj punct conj det obj punct root Never ADV pick VERB up ADP a DET bat NOUN ; PUNCT tell VERB an DET adult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 pick advmod 2 pick pick VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 pick compound:prt 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bat det 5 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 2 pick obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 tell punct 7 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 pick conj 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 adult det 9 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 7 tell obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 pick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not pick up imperative you not said here a bat vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bat=Topic 2 tell speech: assert infinitive you not said here a adult vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient
Example 8 Bats are the only mammals that can truly fly.
nsubj cop det amod nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root Bats NOUN are AUX the DET only ADJ mammals NOUN that PRON can AUX truly ADV fly VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 5 mammals nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mammals cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 mammals det 4 only only ADJ Degree=Pos 5 mammals amod 5 mammals mammal NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 fly nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 fly aux 8 truly truly ADV _ 9 fly advmod 9 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mammals acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 mammals punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Bats the only mammals tree rules 2 fly can the only mammals truly property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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