bc Who acts: BC, text messages, short way, Julius, 300 BC, 50 BC · What happens: write, mean, count, stand, be, die · To what, where: BC, many years, usual calendar, short way, Great Pyramid, 2560 · Speech: someone speaks here
«bc» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bc in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 BC is written after a year to mean that many years before the year 1 in the usual calendar, counted backwards.
The tree, 21 words nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl mark advcl mark amod xcomp case det obl flat case det amod obl punct acl advmod punct root BC PROPN is AUX written VERB after ADP a DET year NOUN to PART mean VERB that SCONJ many ADJ years NOUN before ADP the DET year NOUN 1 NUM in ADP the DET usual ADJ calendar NOUN , PUNCT counted VERB backwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 BC BC PROPN Number=Sing 3 written nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 written aux:pass 3 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 after after ADP _ 6 year case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 year det 6 year year NOUN Number=Sing 3 written obl 7 to to PART _ 8 mean mark 8 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 written advcl 9 that that SCONJ _ 11 years mark 10 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 11 years amod 11 years year NOUN Number=Plur 8 mean xcomp 12 before before ADP _ 14 year case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 year det 14 year year NOUN Number=Sing 8 mean obl 15 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 year flat 16 in in ADP _ 19 calendar case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 calendar det 18 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 19 calendar amod 19 calendar calendar NOUN Number=Sing 8 mean obl 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 counted punct 21 counted count VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 19 calendar acl 22 backwards backwards ADV _ 21 counted advmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 3 written punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present · passive BC year vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 mean to-infinitive many years year in the usual calendar vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in calendar=Attribute 3 count participle the usual calendar not said here backwards property vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Julius Caesar died in 44 BC.
nsubj flat case obl nmod:unmarked punct root Julius PROPN Caesar PROPN died VERB in ADP 44 NUM BC PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Julius Julius PROPN Number=Sing 3 died nsubj 2 Caesar Caesar PROPN Number=Sing 1 Julius flat 3 died die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 44 case 5 44 44 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 died obl 6 BC BC PROPN Number=Sing 5 44 nmod:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 died punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 die past Julius in 44 BC vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 44=Attribute
Meaning 2 BC stands for British Columbia, a province on the west coast of Canada.
The tree, 13 words nsubj case amod obl punct det appos case det amod nmod case nmod punct root BC PROPN stands VERB for ADP British ADJ Columbia PROPN , PUNCT a DET province NOUN on ADP the DET west ADJ coast NOUN of ADP Canada PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 BC BC PROPN Number=Sing 2 stands nsubj 2 stands stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 5 Columbia case 4 British British ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Columbia amod 5 Columbia Columbia PROPN Number=Sing 2 stands obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 province punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 province det 8 province province NOUN Number=Sing 5 Columbia appos 9 on on ADP _ 12 coast case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 coast det 11 west west ADJ Degree=Pos 12 coast amod 12 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 8 province nmod 13 of of ADP _ 14 Canada case 14 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 12 coast nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 stands punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand present BC for British Columbia vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for columbia=Attribute
Meaning 3 In text messages, «bc» is a short way of writing «because».
The tree, 11 words case compound nsubj punct punct nsubj punct cop det amod mark acl punct obj punct punct root In ADP text NOUN messages NOUN , PUNCT « PUNCT bc NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET short ADJ way NOUN of SCONJ writing VERB « PUNCT because SCONJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 messages case 2 text text NOUN Number=Sing 3 messages compound 3 messages message NOUN Number=Plur 11 way nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 messages punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 bc punct 6 bc BC NOUN Number=Sing 11 way nsubj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 bc punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 way cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 way det 10 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 11 way amod 11 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 of of SCONJ _ 13 writing mark 13 writing write VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 way acl 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 because punct 15 because because SCONJ _ 13 writing obj 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 because punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 11 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present text messages a short way tree rules 2 write gerund a short way not said here vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent because=Theme
Example 1 The Great Pyramid was built around 2560 BC.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl nmod:unmarked punct root The DET Great ADJ Pyramid PROPN was AUX built VERB around ADP 2560 NUM BC PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Pyramid det 2 Great great ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Pyramid amod 3 Pyramid Pyramid PROPN Number=Sing 5 built nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 built aux:pass 5 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 around around ADP _ 7 2560 case 7 2560 2560 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 built obl 8 BC BC PROPN Number=Sing 7 2560 nmod:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past · passive the Great Pyramid 2560 BC vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 2 Julius Caesar was killed in 44 BC.
nsubj:pass flat aux:pass case obl nmod:unmarked punct root Julius PROPN Caesar PROPN was AUX killed VERB in ADP 44 NUM BC PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Julius Julius PROPN Number=Sing 4 killed nsubj:pass 2 Caesar Caesar PROPN Number=Sing 1 Julius flat 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 killed aux:pass 4 killed kill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 44 case 6 44 44 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 killed obl 7 BC BC PROPN Number=Sing 6 44 nmod:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 killed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill past · passive Julius 44 BC vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 3 300 BC came before 200 BC.
nummod nsubj advmod obl flat punct root 300 NUM BC PROPN came VERB before ADV 200 NUM BC PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 300 300 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 BC nummod 2 BC BC PROPN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 before before ADV _ 5 200 advmod 5 200 200 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 came obl 6 BC BC PROPN Number=Sing 5 200 flat 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past 300 BC 200 vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 From 50 BC to AD 50 is 99 years, because there is no year zero.
The tree, 15 words case nummod nsubj case nmod flat cop nummod punct mark expl acl:relcl det nsubj flat punct root From ADP 50 NUM BC NOUN to ADP AD NOUN 50 NUM is AUX 99 NUM years NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ there PRON is VERB no DET year NOUN zero NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 From from ADP _ 2 50 case 2 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 BC nummod 3 BC BC NOUN Number=Sing 9 years nsubj 4 to to ADP _ 5 AD case 5 AD ad NOUN Number=Sing 3 BC nmod 6 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 AD flat 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 years cop 8 99 99 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 years nummod 9 years year NOUN Number=Plur root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 is punct 11 because because SCONJ _ 13 is mark 12 there there PRON PronType=Dem 13 is expl 13 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 years acl:relcl 14 no no DET PronType=Neg 15 year det 15 year year NOUN Number=Sing 13 is nsubj 16 zero zero NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 15 year flat 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 years punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present 50 BC to AD 99 years tree rules 2 be present no year 99 years not said here there vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot year=Theme
Example 5 Vancouver is the largest city in BC.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root Vancouver PROPN is AUX the DET largest ADJ city NOUN in ADP BC PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Vancouver Vancouver PROPN Number=Sing 5 city nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 city cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 city det 4 largest large ADJ Degree=Sup 5 city amod 5 city city NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 BC case 7 BC BC PROPN Number=Sing 5 city nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 city punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Vancouver the largest city BC tree rules
Example 6 «I can't come bc I have practice,» my friend texted.
The tree, 11 words punct nsubj aux advmod ccomp obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct punct nmod:poss nsubj punct root « PUNCT I PRON ca AUX n't PART come VERB bc NOUN I PRON have VERB practice NOUN , PUNCT » PUNCT my PRON friend NOUN texted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 come punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 come nsubj 3 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 come aux 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 come advmod 5 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 texted ccomp 6 bc BC NOUN Number=Sing 5 come obj 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 have nsubj 8 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bc acl:relcl 9 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 8 have obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 5 come punct 11 » » PUNCT _ 5 come punct 12 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 friend nmod:poss 13 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 14 texted nsubj 14 texted text VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 15 . . PUNCT _ 14 texted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not come in a quote can I bc vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bc=Theme 2 have in a quote present I practice vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent practice=Patient 3 text past my friend tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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