be Who acts: someone, something, maths, you, we, ai · What happens: be, exist, mean, drop, bend, come · To what, where: equals, 3 7, chatty speech forms, 2 dollar, voice, total · Speech: someone speaks here
«be» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: be in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To be means to exist, to be there.
mark cop mark xcomp punct mark cop advcl punct root To PART be AUX means VERB to PART exist VERB , PUNCT to PART be AUX there ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 means mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 means cop 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 exist mark 5 exist exist VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 there punct 7 to to PART _ 9 there mark 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 there cop 9 there there ADV PronType=Dem 5 exist advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is to-infinitive mean property tree rules 2 exist not said to happen to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is to-infinitive there property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
There is a cat in the garden.
expl det nsubj case det obl punct root There PRON is VERB a DET cat NOUN in ADP the DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 cat det 4 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 7 garden case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 garden det 7 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 2 is obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a cat the garden; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in garden=Location
Meaning 2 To be tells what someone or something is like.
mark cop obj nsubj cc conj cop ccomp punct root To PART be AUX tells VERB what PRON someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON is AUX like ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 tells mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 tells cop 3 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 like obj 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 like nsubj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 something cc 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 someone conj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 like cop 9 like like ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tells ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be speech: assert to-infinitive tell property tree rules 2 is present someone like property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
She is tall. The soup is hot.
Sentence 1: She is tall.
nsubj cop punct root She PRON is AUX tall ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 tall nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 tall cop 3 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 tall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present She tall property tree rules
Sentence 2: The soup is hot.
det nsubj cop punct root The DET soup NOUN is AUX hot ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 soup det 2 soup soup NOUN Number=Sing 4 hot nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hot cop 4 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 hot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the soup hot property tree rules
Meaning 3 To be tells where something is.
mark cop advmod nsubj ccomp punct root To PART be AUX tells VERB where ADV something PRON is VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 tells mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 tells cop 3 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 where where ADV PronType=Rel 6 is advmod 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 is nsubj 6 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 tells ccomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be speech: assert to-infinitive tell property tree rules 2 be present something vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
The keys are on the table.
det nsubj cop case det punct root The DET keys NOUN are AUX on ADP the DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 keys det 2 keys key NOUN Number=Plur 6 table nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 table cop 4 on on ADP _ 6 table case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 table det 6 table table NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 table punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the keys the table tree rules
Meaning 4 To be tells someone's age or job.
mark cop nmod:poss case obj cc conj punct root To PART be AUX tells VERB someone PRON 's PART age NOUN or CCONJ job NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 tells mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 tells cop 3 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 age nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 someone case 6 age age NOUN Number=Sing 3 tells obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 job cc 8 job job NOUN Number=Sing 6 age conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is to-infinitive tell property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Ben is 7. Mum is a doctor.
Sentence 1: Ben is 7.
nsubj cop punct root Ben PROPN is AUX 7 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 3 7 nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 7 cop 3 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 7 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ben 7 tree rules
Sentence 2: Mum is a doctor.
nsubj cop det punct root Mum NOUN is AUX a DET doctor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 4 doctor nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 doctor cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 doctor det 4 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 doctor punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Mum a doctor tree rules
Meaning 5 Be also helps other verbs.
cop advmod amod obj punct root Be AUX also ADV helps VERB other ADJ verbs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 helps cop 2 also also ADV _ 3 helps advmod 3 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 5 verbs amod 5 verbs verb NOUN Number=Plur 3 helps obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is infinitive help property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I am running; the cake was eaten.
nsubj aux punct det nsubj aux:pass conj punct root I PRON am AUX running VERB ; PUNCT the DET cake NOUN was AUX eaten VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 running nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 running aux 3 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 eaten punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cake det 6 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 8 eaten nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 eaten aux:pass 8 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 running conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present · progressive I vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 eat past · passive the cake vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Meaning 6 In maths «is» often means «equals»: 3 + 4 is 7.
The tree, 11 words case obl punct acl:relcl punct advmod punct obj punct punct nummod cc conj cop conj punct root In ADP maths NOUN « PUNCT is VERB » PUNCT often ADV means VERB « PUNCT equals NOUN » PUNCT : PUNCT 3 NUM + SYM 4 NUM is AUX 7 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 maths case 2 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 7 means obl 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 is punct 4 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 maths acl:relcl 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 is punct 6 often often ADV _ 7 means advmod 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 equals punct 9 equals equal NOUN Number=Plur 7 means obj 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 equals punct 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 3 punct 12 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 16 7 nummod 13 + + SYM _ 14 4 cc 14 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 3 conj 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 7 cop 16 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 means conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be in a quote present maths not said here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present equals in maths; often property vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot equal=Theme in math=Attribute 3 is a present 3 7 tree rules
Meaning 7 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
In chatty speech forms of be are dropped or bent: «you coming?», «we was late», «them sweets is 2 dollar», «ain't» for «isn't» or «am not»; (US casual) «I'm like» and «she was all» mean «I said» and «she said».
The tree, 43 words case amod compound nsubj:pass case acl aux:pass cc conj punct punct nsubj parataxis punct punct punct punct nsubj cop parataxis punct punct punct nmod nmod:unmarked cop nummod parataxis punct punct punct nsubj advmod punct case punct cop advmod punct cc punct conj advmod punct punct punct compound obl punct punct nsubj cop parataxis punct cc punct nsubj cop advmod punct conj punct nsubj ccomp punct cc punct nsubj conj punct punct root In ADP chatty ADJ speech NOUN forms NOUN of ADP be AUX are AUX dropped VERB or CCONJ bent VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT you PRON coming VERB ? PUNCT » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT we PRON was AUX late ADJ » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT them PRON sweets NOUN is AUX 2 NUM dollar NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT ai X n't PART » PUNCT for ADP « PUNCT is AUX n't PART » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT am NOUN not PART » PUNCT ; PUNCT ( PUNCT US PROPN casual NOUN ) PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX like ADJ » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT she PRON was AUX all ADV » PUNCT mean VERB « PUNCT I PRON said VERB » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT she PRON said VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 forms case 2 chatty chatty ADJ Degree=Pos 4 forms amod 3 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 4 forms compound 4 forms form NOUN Number=Plur 8 dropped nsubj:pass 5 of of ADP _ 6 be case 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 forms acl 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 dropped aux:pass 8 dropped drop VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 bent cc 10 bent bend VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 dropped conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 8 dropped punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 coming punct 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 coming nsubj 14 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 dropped parataxis 15 ? ? PUNCT _ 14 coming punct 16 » » PUNCT _ 14 coming punct 17 , , PUNCT _ 21 late punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 21 late punct 19 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 21 late nsubj 20 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 late cop 21 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 8 dropped parataxis 22 » » PUNCT _ 21 late punct 23 , , PUNCT _ 29 dollar punct 24 « « PUNCT _ 29 dollar punct 25 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 29 dollar nmod 26 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 25 them nmod:unmarked 27 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 29 dollar cop 28 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 29 dollar nummod 29 dollar dollar NOUN Number=Sing 8 dropped parataxis 30 » » PUNCT _ 29 dollar punct 31 , , PUNCT _ 54 like punct 32 « « PUNCT _ 54 like punct 33 ai ai X Foreign=Yes 54 like nsubj 34 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 54 like advmod 35 » » PUNCT _ 34 n't punct 36 for for ADP _ 39 n't case 37 « « PUNCT _ 39 n't punct 38 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 39 n't cop 39 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 54 like advmod 40 » » PUNCT _ 39 n't punct 41 or or CCONJ _ 43 am cc 42 « « PUNCT _ 43 am punct 43 am a.m. NOUN Number=Sing 39 n't conj 44 not not PART Polarity=Neg 45 » advmod 45 » » PUNCT _ 43 am punct 46 ; ; PUNCT _ 54 like punct 47 ( ( PUNCT _ 49 casual punct 48 US US PROPN Number=Sing 49 casual compound 49 casual casual NOUN Number=Sing 54 like obl 50 ) ) PUNCT _ 49 casual punct 51 « « PUNCT _ 54 like punct 52 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 54 like nsubj 53 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 54 like cop 54 like like ADJ Degree=Pos 8 dropped parataxis 55 » » PUNCT _ 54 like punct 56 and and CCONJ _ 62 mean cc 57 « « PUNCT _ 62 mean punct 58 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 62 mean nsubj 59 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 62 mean cop 60 all all ADV _ 62 mean advmod 61 » » PUNCT _ 60 all punct 62 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 dropped conj 63 « « PUNCT _ 65 said punct 64 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 65 said nsubj 65 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 62 mean ccomp 66 » » PUNCT _ 65 said punct 67 and and CCONJ _ 70 said cc 68 « « PUNCT _ 70 said punct 69 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 70 said nsubj 70 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 65 said conj 71 » » PUNCT _ 70 said punct 72 . . PUNCT _ 8 dropped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drop present · passive chatty speech forms tree rules 2 bend participle vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 come in a quote gerund you vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 is in a quote past we late property tree rules 5 is a in a quote present 2 dollar forms = form nmod tree rules 6 not is in a quote present ai US casual obl ; like property tree rules 7 is past she all, mean property tree rules 8 say speech: assert in a quote past I vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 9 say speech: assert in a quote past she vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 8 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The exam voice uses be in stiff passive and «shall be» forms: «It is given that …», «A total of 12 apples is distributed …», «Answers shall be expressed in whole numbers».
The tree, 30 words det compound nsubj cop case amod ccomp cc punct aux cop punct conj punct punct nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl obj punct punct punct punct det nsubj:pass case nummod nmod aux:pass parataxis punct punct punct punct nsubj:pass aux aux:pass parataxis case amod obl punct punct root The DET exam NOUN voice NOUN uses VERB be AUX in ADP stiff ADJ passive ADJ and CCONJ « PUNCT shall AUX be AUX » PUNCT forms VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON is AUX given VERB that PRON … PUNCT » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT A DET total NOUN of ADP 12 NUM apples NOUN is AUX distributed VERB … PUNCT » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT Answers NOUN shall AUX be AUX expressed VERB in ADP whole ADJ numbers NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 voice det 2 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 3 voice compound 3 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 uses nsubj 4 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 passive cop 6 in in ADP _ 8 passive case 7 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 8 passive amod 8 passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 4 uses ccomp 9 and and CCONJ _ 14 forms cc 10 « « PUNCT _ 14 forms punct 11 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 forms aux 12 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 14 forms cop 13 » » PUNCT _ 14 forms punct 14 forms form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 passive conj 15 : : PUNCT _ 19 given punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 19 given punct 17 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 given nsubj:pass 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 given aux:pass 19 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 uses advcl 20 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 19 given obj 21 … . PUNCT _ 19 given punct 22 » » PUNCT _ 19 given punct 23 , , PUNCT _ 31 distributed punct 24 « « PUNCT _ 26 total punct 25 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 total det 26 total total NOUN Number=Sing 31 distributed nsubj:pass 27 of of ADP _ 29 apples case 28 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 29 apples nummod 29 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 26 total nmod 30 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 31 distributed aux:pass 31 distributed distribute VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 uses parataxis 32 … . PUNCT _ 31 distributed punct 33 » » PUNCT _ 31 distributed punct 34 , , PUNCT _ 39 expressed punct 35 « « PUNCT _ 39 expressed punct 36 Answers answer NOUN Number=Plur 39 expressed nsubj:pass 37 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 39 expressed aux 38 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 39 expressed aux:pass 39 expressed express VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 uses parataxis 40 in in ADP _ 42 numbers case 41 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 42 numbers amod 42 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 39 expressed obl 43 » » PUNCT _ 39 expressed punct 44 . . PUNCT _ 4 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present the exam voice tree rules 2 is infinitive the exam voice not said here passive property tree rules 3 is shall the exam voice not said here form property tree rules 4 give in a quote present · passive voice vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient that=Theme 5 distribute in a quote present · passive a total of 12 apples vn contribute-13.2-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme 6 express in a quote shall · passive Answers whole numbers vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 1 How many apples are on the table?
advmod amod nsubj cop case det punct root How ADV many ADJ apples NOUN are AUX on ADP the DET table NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 apples amod 3 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 7 table nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 table cop 5 on on ADP _ 7 table case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 table det 7 table table NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 table punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present many apples the table tree rules
Example 2 There were 9 apples. Tom ate 1 of them.
Sentence 1: There were 9 apples.
expl nummod nsubj punct root There PRON were VERB 9 NUM apples NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 were expl 2 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 apples nummod 4 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 2 were nsubj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 were punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past 9 apples there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: Tom ate 1 of them.
nsubj obj case nmod punct root Tom PROPN ate VERB 1 NUM of ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 ate nsubj 2 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 ate obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 them case 5 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 1 nmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past Tom 1 of apples vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 1=Patient
Example 3 There are 5 rows with 4 chairs in each row.
expl nummod nsubj case nummod nmod case det nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 5 NUM rows NOUN with ADP 4 NUM chairs NOUN in ADP each DET row NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 rows nummod 4 rows row NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 with with ADP _ 7 chairs case 6 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 chairs nummod 7 chairs chair NOUN Number=Plur 4 rows nmod 8 in in ADP _ 10 row case 9 each each DET PronType=Tot 10 row det 10 row row NOUN Number=Sing 7 chairs nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 5 rows with 4 chairs in each row there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Ben is 7 and Kate is 10.
nsubj cop cc nsubj cop conj punct root Ben PROPN is AUX 7 NUM and CCONJ Kate PROPN is AUX 10 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 3 7 nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 7 cop 3 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 7 10 cc 5 Kate Kate PROPN Number=Sing 7 10 nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 10 cop 7 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 7 conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 7 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ben 7 tree rules 2 is a present Kate 10 tree rules
Example 5 Three plus four is seven.
compound cc conj cop punct root Three NUM plus CCONJ four NUM is AUX seven NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 seven compound 2 plus plus CCONJ _ 3 four cc 3 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 1 Three conj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 seven cop 5 seven seven NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 seven punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Three seven tree rules
Example 6 Be careful near the pool.
cop case det obl punct root Be AUX careful ADJ near ADP the DET pool NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 2 careful cop 2 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 near near ADP _ 5 pool case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pool det 5 pool pool NOUN Number=Sing 2 careful obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 careful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is imperative you not said here the pool careful property tree rules
Example 7 I am hungry; are you?
nsubj cop punct cop conj punct root I PRON am AUX hungry ADJ ; PUNCT are AUX you PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 hungry nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 hungry cop 3 hungry hungry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 you punct 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 you cop 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 hungry conj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 hungry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I hungry property tree rules 2 is a present I not said here you tree rules
Example 8 The children were very happy at the zoo.
det nsubj cop advmod case det obl punct root The DET children NOUN were AUX very ADV happy ADJ at ADP the DET zoo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 5 happy nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 happy cop 4 very very ADV _ 5 happy advmod 5 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 at at ADP _ 8 zoo case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 zoo det 8 zoo zoo NOUN Number=Sing 5 happy obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 happy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the children the zoo happy property tree rules
Example 9 Ice is frozen water.
nsubj:pass aux:pass obj punct root Ice NOUN is AUX frozen VERB water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 3 frozen nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 frozen aux:pass 3 frozen freeze VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 frozen obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 frozen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 freeze present · passive Ice tree rules
Example 10 you coming or what? bus is here
nsubj cc obl punct obl cop advmod root you PRON coming VERB or CCONJ what PRON ? PUNCT bus NOUN is AUX here ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 coming nsubj 2 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 what cc 4 what what PRON PronType=Rel 2 coming obl 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 bus punct 6 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 2 coming obl 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 here cop 8 here here ADV PronType=Dem 2 coming advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come gerund you bus vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present here property tree rules
Example 11 them sweets is 2 dollar each, we ain't got enough
nsubj parataxis cop nummod nmod nmod:unmarked punct nsubj aux advmod advmod root them PRON sweets NOUN is AUX 2 NUM dollar NOUN each DET , PUNCT we PRON ai AUX n't PART got VERB enough ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sweets nsubj 2 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 11 got parataxis 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 dollar cop 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollar nummod 5 dollar dollar NOUN Number=Sing 2 sweets nmod 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 5 dollar nmod:unmarked 7 , , PUNCT _ 2 sweets punct 8 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 got nsubj 9 ai be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 got aux 10 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 11 got advmod 11 got get VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 12 enough enough ADV _ 11 got advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sweet them = they tree rules 2 is a present 2 dollar each nmod:unmarked tree rules 3 not get present · passive we enough property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 12 It is given that a quantity of 9 apples was present upon the table, of which 1 was subsequently consumed.
The tree, 20 words nsubj:pass aux:pass mark det nsubj case nummod nmod cop advcl case det obl punct case obl nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod conj punct root It PRON is AUX given VERB that SCONJ a DET quantity NOUN of ADP 9 NUM apples NOUN was AUX present ADJ upon ADP the DET table NOUN , PUNCT of ADP which PRON 1 NUM was AUX subsequently ADV consumed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 given nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 given aux:pass 3 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 11 present mark 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 quantity det 6 quantity quantity NOUN Number=Sing 11 present nsubj 7 of of ADP _ 9 apples case 8 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 apples nummod 9 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 6 quantity nmod 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 present cop 11 present present ADJ Degree=Pos 3 given advcl 12 upon upon ADP _ 14 table case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 table det 14 table table NOUN Number=Sing 11 present obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 21 consumed punct 16 of of ADP _ 17 which case 17 which which PRON PronType=Rel 21 consumed obl 18 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 21 consumed nsubj:pass 19 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 consumed aux:pass 20 subsequently subsequently ADV _ 21 consumed advmod 21 consumed consume VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 given conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 3 given punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present · passive It vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 is past a quantity of 9 apples upon the table; present property tree rules 3 consume past · passive 1 subsequently property vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset
Example 13 "Why are you knocking me about?"
punct advmod aux nsubj obj obl punct punct root " PUNCT Why ADV are AUX you PRON knocking VERB me PRON about ADP ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 knocking punct 2 Why why ADV PronType=Int 5 knocking advmod 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 knocking aux 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 knocking nsubj 5 knocking knock VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 knocking obj 7 about about ADP _ 5 knocking obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 knocking punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 5 knocking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 knock in a quote present · progressive you me vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent i=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous bcenext → beach↑ back to B in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/be/