beetle Who acts: beetle, insect, hard back, wing cases, most beetles, more kinds · What happens: be, have, cover, fly, find, do · To what, where: insect, 6 legs, pair, thin wings, 54 legs, all
«beetle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: beetle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A beetle is an insect with a hard shiny back. Like all insects it has 6 legs.
Sentence 1: A beetle is an insect with a hard shiny back.
det nsubj cop det case det amod amod nmod punct root A DET beetle NOUN is AUX an DET insect NOUN with ADP a DET hard ADJ shiny ADJ back NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 beetle det 2 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 5 insect nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 insect cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 insect det 5 insect insect NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 10 back case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 back det 8 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 10 back amod 9 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 10 back amod 10 back back NOUN Number=Sing 5 insect nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 insect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a beetle a insect with a hard shiny back tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Like all insects it has 6 legs.
case det obl nsubj nummod obj punct root Like ADP all DET insects NOUN it PRON has VERB 6 NUM legs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Like like ADP _ 3 insects case 2 all all DET PronType=Tot 3 insects det 3 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 5 has obl 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 has nsubj 5 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 legs nummod 7 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 5 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present insect 6 legs like all insects vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
Meaning 2 The hard back is really a pair of wing cases that cover thin wings, so most beetles can fly.
The tree, 19 words det amod nsubj cop advmod det case compound nmod nsubj acl:relcl amod obj punct advmod amod nsubj aux parataxis punct root The DET hard ADJ back NOUN is AUX really ADV a DET pair NOUN of ADP wing NOUN cases NOUN that PRON cover VERB thin ADJ wings NOUN , PUNCT so ADV most ADJ beetles NOUN can AUX fly VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 back det 2 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 3 back amod 3 back back NOUN Number=Sing 7 pair nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pair cop 5 really really ADV _ 7 pair advmod 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pair det 7 pair pair NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 cases case 9 wing wing NOUN Number=Sing 10 cases compound 10 cases case NOUN Number=Plur 7 pair nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 cover nsubj 12 cover cover VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cases acl:relcl 13 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 14 wings amod 14 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 12 cover obj 15 , , PUNCT _ 20 fly punct 16 so so ADV _ 20 fly advmod 17 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 18 beetles amod 18 beetles beetle NOUN Number=Plur 20 fly nsubj 19 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 20 fly aux 20 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 pair parataxis 21 . . PUNCT _ 7 pair punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the hard back a pair of wing cases tree rules 2 cover present wing cases thin wings vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wing=Destination 3 fly can most beetles vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 There are more kinds of beetle than of any other animal.
expl amod nsubj case nmod case case det amod nmod punct root There PRON are VERB more ADJ kinds NOUN of ADP beetle NOUN than ADP of ADP any DET other ADJ animal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 kinds amod 4 kinds kind NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 6 beetle case 6 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 4 kinds nmod 7 than than ADP _ 11 animal case 8 of of ADP _ 11 animal case 9 any any DET PronType=Ind 11 animal det 10 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 11 animal amod 11 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 4 kinds nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present more kinds of beetle than any other animal there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 A beetle has 6 legs.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET beetle NOUN has VERB 6 NUM legs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 beetle det 2 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 legs nummod 5 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a beetle 6 legs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
Example 2 Spiders and beetles have 54 legs in all.
nsubj cc conj nummod obj case nmod punct root Spiders NOUN and CCONJ beetles NOUN have VERB 54 NUM legs NOUN in ADP all DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spiders spider NOUN Number=Plur 4 have nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 beetles cc 3 beetles beetle NOUN Number=Plur 1 Spiders conj 4 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 54 54 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 legs nummod 6 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 4 have obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 all case 8 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 legs nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Spiders and beetles 54 legs all vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
Example 3 Tom found 7 beetles in the garden.
nsubj nummod obj case det obl punct root Tom PROPN found VERB 7 NUM beetles NOUN in ADP the DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 beetles nummod 4 beetles beetle NOUN Number=Plur 2 found obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 garden case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 garden det 7 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past Tom 7 beetles the garden vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beetle=Topic
Example 4 How many legs do 4 beetles have?
advmod amod nsubj nummod nsubj ccomp punct root How ADV many ADJ legs NOUN do VERB 4 NUM beetles NOUN have VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 legs amod 3 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 4 do nsubj 4 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 beetles nummod 6 beetles beetle NOUN Number=Plur 7 have nsubj 7 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 do ccomp 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present many legs tree rules 2 have present 4 beetles vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 A ladybird is a kind of beetle.
det nsubj cop det case nmod punct root A DET ladybird NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP beetle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ladybird det 2 ladybird ladybird NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kind det 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 beetle case 7 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ladybird a kind of beetle tree rules
Example 6 We went on a bug hunt and found three beetles under a log.
nsubj case det compound obl cc conj nummod obj case det nmod punct root We PRON went VERB on ADP a DET bug NOUN hunt NOUN and CCONJ found VERB three NUM beetles NOUN under ADP a DET log NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 6 hunt case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hunt det 5 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 6 hunt compound 6 hunt hunt NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 found cc 8 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 went conj 9 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 beetles nummod 10 beetles beetle NOUN Number=Plur 8 found obj 11 under under ADP _ 13 log case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 log det 13 log log NOUN Number=Sing 10 beetles nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We a bug hunt vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on hunt=Location 2 find past We not said here three beetles a log vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beetle=Topic
Example 7 The dung beetle rolls a ball of dung.
det compound nsubj det obj case nmod punct root The DET dung NOUN beetle NOUN rolls VERB a DET ball NOUN of ADP dung NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 beetle det 2 dung dung NOUN Number=Sing 3 beetle compound 3 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 4 rolls nsubj 4 rolls roll VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ball det 6 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 4 rolls obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 dung case 8 dung dung NOUN Number=Sing 6 ball nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 rolls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll present the dung beetle a ball of dung vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme
Example 8 The beetle opened its shell and flew away.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj advmod punct root The DET beetle NOUN opened VERB its PRON shell NOUN and CCONJ flew VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 beetle det 2 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 3 opened nsubj 3 opened open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 shell nmod:poss 5 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 3 opened obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 flew cc 7 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 opened conj 8 away away ADV _ 7 flew advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 opened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open past the beetle beetle's shell vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shell=Theme 2 fly away past the beetle not said here away property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 The Beetle smote upon the drum.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET Beetle PROPN smote VERB upon ADP the DET drum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Beetle det 2 Beetle Beetle PROPN Number=Sing 3 smote nsubj 3 smote smite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 upon upon ADP _ 6 drum case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 drum det 6 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 3 smote obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 smote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smite past the Beetle upon the drum vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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