believe Who acts: it, they, I, Earth, scientists, you · What happens: believe, mean, think, be, trust, tell · To what, where: something, someone, truth, Sun, Earth, me · Speech: someone speaks here
«believe» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: believe in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To believe something means to think it is true.
mark nsubj obj mark xcomp nsubj cop ccomp punct root To PART believe VERB something PRON means VERB to PART think VERB it PRON is AUX true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 believe mark 2 believe believe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 means nsubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 believe obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 think mark 6 think think VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 true nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 true cop 9 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 6 think ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe to-infinitive something vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 think speech: other not said to happen to-infinitive vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is present it true property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To believe someone means to trust that they are telling the truth.
mark nsubj obj mark xcomp mark nsubj aux advcl det obj punct root To PART believe VERB someone PRON means VERB to PART trust VERB that SCONJ they PRON are AUX telling VERB the DET truth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 believe mark 2 believe believe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 means nsubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 believe obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 trust mark 6 trust trust VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 that that SCONJ _ 10 telling mark 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 telling nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 telling aux 10 telling tell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 trust advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 truth det 12 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 10 telling obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe to-infinitive someone vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 trust not said to happen to-infinitive vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 tell speech: assert present · progressive they the truth vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
Meaning 3 To believe in something means to feel sure it exists or is good, such as believing in yourself.
The tree, 18 words mark nsubj case obl mark xcomp xcomp nsubj ccomp cc cop conj punct mark fixed parataxis case obl punct root To PART believe VERB in ADP something PRON means VERB to PART feel VERB sure ADJ it PRON exists VERB or CCONJ is AUX good ADJ , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP believing VERB in ADP yourself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 believe mark 2 believe believe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 means nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 believe obl 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 feel mark 7 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 7 feel xcomp 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 exists nsubj 10 exists exist VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 sure ccomp 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 good cc 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 good cop 13 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sure conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 believing punct 15 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ 17 believing mark 16 as as ADP _ 15 such fixed 17 believing believe VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 good parataxis 18 in in ADP _ 19 yourself case 19 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 17 believing obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe to-infinitive something vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 feel not said to happen to-infinitive sure property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 4 exist present it vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 is present good property tree rules 6 believe gerund in yourself vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 4 «I believe…» can also mean «I think, but I am not completely sure».
The tree, 13 words punct nsubj punct punct aux advmod parataxis punct nsubj ccomp punct cc nsubj cop advmod advmod ccomp punct punct root « PUNCT I PRON believe VERB … PUNCT » PUNCT can AUX also ADV mean VERB « PUNCT I PRON think VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ I PRON am AUX not PART completely ADV sure ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 believe punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 believe nsubj 3 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 … … PUNCT _ 3 believe punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 believe punct 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 mean aux 7 also also ADV _ 8 mean advmod 8 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 believe parataxis 9 « « PUNCT _ 11 think punct 10 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 think nsubj 11 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 mean ccomp 12 , , PUNCT _ 18 sure punct 13 but but CCONJ _ 18 sure cc 14 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 18 sure nsubj 15 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 sure cop 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 sure advmod 17 completely completely ADV _ 18 sure advmod 18 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 11 think ccomp 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 sure punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe in a quote present I vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 think speech: other in a quote present I vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 not is in a quote present I completely, sure property tree rules
Example 1 I believe that the Earth goes around the Sun, because scientists have measured it.
The tree, 14 words nsubj mark det nsubj ccomp case det obl punct mark nsubj aux parataxis obj punct root I PRON believe VERB that SCONJ the DET Earth PROPN goes VERB around ADP the DET Sun PROPN , PUNCT because SCONJ scientists NOUN have AUX measured VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 believe nsubj 2 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 6 goes mark 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Earth det 5 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 6 goes nsubj 6 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 believe ccomp 7 around around ADP _ 9 Sun case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Sun det 9 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 6 goes obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 measured punct 11 because because SCONJ _ 14 measured mark 12 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 14 measured nsubj 13 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 measured aux 14 measured measure VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 2 believe parataxis 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 measured obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe present I vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 go present the Earth the Sun vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme around sun=Initial_Location 3 measure present · perfect scientists Earth vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme it=Value
Example 2 Do you believe me? I really did see a rainbow.
Sentence 1: Do you believe me?
aux nsubj obj punct root Do AUX you PRON believe VERB me PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 believe aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 believe nsubj 3 believe believe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 believe obj 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe present · do-support you me vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus
Sentence 2: I really did see a rainbow.
nsubj advmod aux det obj punct root I PRON really ADV did AUX see VERB a DET rainbow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 see nsubj 2 really really ADV _ 4 see advmod 3 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 see aux 4 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 rainbow det 6 rainbow rainbow NOUN Number=Sing 4 see obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past · do-support I a rainbow vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rainbow=Stimulus
Example 3 I can't believe how fast you ran!
nsubj aux advmod advmod advmod nsubj ccomp punct root I PRON ca AUX n't PART believe VERB how ADV fast ADV you PRON ran VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 believe nsubj 2 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 believe aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 believe advmod 4 believe believe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 fast advmod 6 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 8 ran advmod 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 ran nsubj 8 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 believe ccomp 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not believe can I vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 run past you fast property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 She believes in herself, so she tried again.
nsubj case obl punct advmod nsubj parataxis advmod punct root She PRON believes VERB in ADP herself PRON , PUNCT so ADV she PRON tried VERB again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 believes nsubj 2 believes believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 herself case 4 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 2 believes obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 tried punct 6 so so ADV _ 8 tried advmod 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 tried nsubj 8 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 believes parataxis 9 again again ADV _ 8 tried advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 believes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe present She in herself = she vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 2 try past she again vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 Believe it or not, a snail can sleep for a very long time.
The tree, 13 words obj cc advmod punct det nsubj aux conj case det advmod amod obl punct root Believe VERB it PRON or CCONJ not PART , PUNCT a DET snail NOUN can AUX sleep VERB for ADP a DET very ADV long ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Believe believe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Believe obj 3 or or CCONJ _ 9 sleep cc 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 sleep advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 sleep punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 snail det 7 snail snail NOUN Number=Sing 9 sleep nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 sleep aux 9 sleep sleep VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Believe conj 10 for for ADP _ 14 time case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 time det 12 very very ADV _ 13 long advmod 13 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 14 time amod 14 time time NOUN Number=Sing 9 sleep obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 Believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe imperative you not said here it vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus 2 not sleep can a snail time vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Long ago many people believed the Earth was flat.
advmod advmod amod nsubj det nsubj cop ccomp punct root Long ADV ago ADV many ADJ people NOUN believed VERB the DET Earth PROPN was AUX flat ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Long long ADV Degree=Pos 2 ago advmod 2 ago ago ADV _ 5 believed advmod 3 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 people amod 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 believed nsubj 5 believed believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Earth det 7 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 9 flat nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 flat cop 9 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 5 believed ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 believed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe past many people ago property vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 2 is past the Earth flat property tree rules
Example 7 Don't believe everything you read online; check it.
aux advmod obj nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct parataxis obj punct root Do AUX n't PART believe VERB everything PRON you PRON read VERB online ADV ; PUNCT check VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 believe aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 believe advmod 3 believe believe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 3 believe obj 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 read nsubj 6 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 everything acl:relcl 7 online online ADV _ 6 read advmod 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 check punct 9 check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 believe parataxis 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 check obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not believe imperative · do-support you not said here everything vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer everything=Stimulus 2 read present you online property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 check infinitive it vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 8 The little girl played make-believe with her dolls.
det amod nsubj amod punct parataxis case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET little ADJ girl NOUN played VERB make NOUN - PUNCT believe VERB with ADP her PRON dolls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 girl det 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 girl amod 3 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 5 make nsubj 4 played play VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 make amod 5 make make NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 - - PUNCT _ 7 believe punct 7 believe believe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 make parataxis 8 with with ADP _ 10 dolls case 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 dolls nmod:poss 10 dolls doll NOUN Number=Plur 7 believe obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play participle vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 believe infinitive with girl's dolls vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
Example 9 Do not believe everything you hear.
aux advmod obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root Do AUX not PART believe VERB everything PRON you PRON hear VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 believe aux 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 believe advmod 3 believe believe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 3 believe obj 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 hear nsubj 6 hear hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 everything acl:relcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not believe imperative · do-support you not said here everything vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer everything=Stimulus 2 hear present you vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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