besides Who acts: Besides, reason, we, Nobody, Tom, I · What happens: mean, be, start, buy, beside, come · To what, where: sentence, pears, tennis, answer, 4 pets, 5 pets
«besides» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: besides in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Besides means as well as, in addition to.
advmod advmod fixed fixed punct case parataxis fixed punct root Besides ADV means VERB as ADV well ADV as ADP , PUNCT in ADP addition NOUN to ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Besides besides ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 as as ADV ExtPos=ADV 2 means advmod 4 well well ADV Degree=Pos 3 as fixed 5 as as ADP _ 3 as fixed 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 addition punct 7 in in ADP _ 8 addition case 8 addition addition NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 9 to to ADP _ 8 addition fixed 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present besides property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Besides apples, we bought pears.
case obl punct nsubj obj punct root Besides ADP apples NOUN , PUNCT we PRON bought VERB pears NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Besides besides ADP _ 2 apples case 2 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 5 bought obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 apples punct 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 bought nsubj 5 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 pears pear NOUN Number=Plur 5 bought obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past we pears besides apples vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pear=Theme
Meaning 2 Besides means except, apart from, in negative sentences and questions.
nsubj obj punct advmod case punct case amod obl cc conj punct root Besides X means VERB except ADP , PUNCT apart ADV from ADP , PUNCT in ADP negative ADJ sentences NOUN and CCONJ questions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Besides Besides X Foreign=Yes 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 except except ADP _ 2 means obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 apart punct 5 apart apart ADV _ 2 means advmod 6 from from ADP _ 10 sentences case 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 sentences punct 8 in in ADP _ 10 sentences case 9 negative negative ADJ Degree=Pos 10 sentences amod 10 sentences sentence NOUN Number=Plur 5 apart obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 questions cc 12 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 10 sentences conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Besides apart property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent except=Topic
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Nobody besides Tom came.
nsubj nsubj ccomp punct root Nobody PRON besides VERB Tom PROPN came VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 2 besides nsubj 2 besides beside VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 besides ccomp 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 besides punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beside present Nobody tree rules 2 come past Tom vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 As an adverb at the start of a sentence, besides means also, and here is another reason.
The tree, 17 words case det obl case det nmod case det nmod punct nsubj advmod punct cc advmod cop det nsubj punct root As ADP an DET adverb NOUN at ADP the DET start NOUN of ADP a DET sentence NOUN , PUNCT besides X means VERB also ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ here ADV is AUX another DET reason NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 adverb case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 adverb det 3 adverb adverb NOUN Number=Sing 12 means obl 4 at at ADP _ 6 start case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 start det 6 start start NOUN Number=Sing 3 adverb nmod 7 of of ADP _ 9 sentence case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 sentence det 9 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 6 start nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 3 adverb punct 11 besides besides X Foreign=Yes 12 means nsubj 12 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 13 also also ADV _ 12 means advmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 here punct 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 here cc 16 here here ADV PronType=Dem 12 means advmod 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 here cop 18 another another DET PronType=Ind 19 reason det 19 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 16 here nsubj 20 . . PUNCT _ 12 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present besides as a adverb at the start of a sentence vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as adverb=Attribute 2 is present another reason here property tree rules 3 start a sentence nom start «event transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 Besides football, I also play tennis.
case obl punct nsubj advmod obj punct root Besides ADP football NOUN , PUNCT I PRON also ADV play VERB tennis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Besides besides ADP _ 2 football case 2 football football NOUN Number=Sing 6 play obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 football punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 play nsubj 5 also also ADV _ 6 play advmod 6 play play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 tennis tennis NOUN Number=Sing 6 play obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play present I tennis besides football vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tennis=Theme
Example 2 Who else is coming besides your cousin?
nsubj advmod aux case nmod:poss obl punct root Who PRON else ADV is AUX coming VERB besides ADP your PRON cousin NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 coming nsubj 2 else else ADV _ 1 Who advmod 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 coming aux 4 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 besides besides ADP _ 7 cousin case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 cousin nmod:poss 7 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 4 coming obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 coming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present · progressive besides your cousin vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Nobody besides me knew the answer.
nsubj nsubj ccomp det obj punct root Nobody PRON besides VERB me PRON knew VERB the DET answer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 2 besides nsubj 2 besides beside VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 knew nsubj 4 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 besides ccomp 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 answer det 6 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 4 knew obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 besides punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beside present Nobody tree rules 2 know past me the answer vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer answer=Stimulus
Example 4 I don't want to go out; besides, it's raining.
nsubj aux advmod mark xcomp advmod punct advmod punct nsubj aux parataxis punct root I PRON do AUX n't PART want VERB to PART go VERB out ADV ; PUNCT besides ADV , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX raining VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 want nsubj 2 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 want aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 want advmod 4 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 go mark 6 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 want xcomp 7 out out ADV _ 6 go advmod 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 4 want punct 9 besides besides ADV _ 4 want advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 raining punct 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 raining nsubj 12 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 raining aux 13 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 want parataxis 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 want punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not want present · do-support I besides property vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 go out not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here out property vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 rain present · progressive it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 5 Besides being clever, she is very kind.
mark cop advcl punct nsubj cop advmod punct root Besides ADP being AUX clever ADJ , PUNCT she PRON is AUX very ADV kind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Besides besides ADP _ 3 clever mark 2 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 clever cop 3 clever clever ADJ Degree=Pos 8 kind advcl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 clever punct 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 kind nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 kind cop 7 very very ADV _ 8 kind advmod 8 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is gerund she not said here clever property tree rules 2 is present she kind property tree rules
Example 6 What do you like to eat besides pizza?
obj aux nsubj mark xcomp case obl punct root What PRON do AUX you PRON like VERB to PART eat VERB besides ADP pizza NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 like obj 2 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 like aux 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 like nsubj 4 like like VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 eat mark 6 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 like xcomp 7 besides besides ADP _ 8 pizza case 8 pizza pizza NOUN Number=Sing 6 eat obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 like punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 like present · do-support you tree rules 2 eat not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here besides pizza vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Tom has 4 pets besides his dog, so he has 5 pets in all.
The tree, 14 words nsubj nummod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct advmod nsubj conj nummod obj case nmod punct root Tom PROPN has VERB 4 NUM pets NOUN besides ADP his PRON dog NOUN , PUNCT so ADV he PRON has VERB 5 NUM pets NOUN in ADP all DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pets nummod 4 pets pet NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 besides besides ADP _ 7 dog case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 dog nmod:poss 7 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 4 pets nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 has punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 has advmod 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 has nsubj 11 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 has conj 12 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 13 pets nummod 13 pets pet NOUN Number=Plur 11 has obj 14 in in ADP _ 15 all case 15 all all DET PronType=Tot 13 pets nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Tom 4 pets besides Tom's dog vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pet=Patient 2 have present Tom 5 pets all vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pet=Patient
Example 8 Besides, Kotick was a white seal.
discourse punct nsubj cop det amod punct root Besides INTJ , PUNCT Kotick PROPN was AUX a DET white ADJ seal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Besides besides INTJ _ 7 seal discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Besides punct 3 Kotick Kotick PROPN Number=Sing 7 seal nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 seal cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 seal det 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 7 seal amod 7 seal seal NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 seal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Kotick a white seal tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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