bicycle Who acts: bicycle, you, 6 bicycles, He, She, brakes · What happens: be, ride, push, call, have, cost · To what, where: vehicle, two wheels, pedals, It, 2 wheels, bicycle · Speech: someone speaks here
«bicycle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bicycle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bicycle is a vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pushing pedals with your feet.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det case nummod nmod obj nsubj acl:relcl mark advcl obj case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET bicycle NOUN is AUX a DET vehicle NOUN with ADP two NUM wheels NOUN that PRON you PRON ride VERB by SCONJ pushing VERB pedals NOUN with ADP your PRON feet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bicycle det 2 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 5 vehicle nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 vehicle cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 vehicle det 5 vehicle vehicle NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 8 wheels case 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 wheels nummod 8 wheels wheel NOUN Number=Plur 5 vehicle nmod 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 ride obj 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 ride nsubj 11 ride ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 wheels acl:relcl 12 by by SCONJ _ 13 pushing mark 13 pushing push VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 ride advcl 14 pedals pedal NOUN Number=Plur 13 pushing obj 15 with with ADP _ 17 feet case 16 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 feet nmod:poss 17 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 13 pushing obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 vehicle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bicycle a vehicle with two wheels tree rules 2 ride present you two wheels vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme 3 push gerund you not said here pedals with your feet vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pedal=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is often called a bike.
nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod det xcomp punct root It PRON is AUX often ADV called VERB a DET bike NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 called nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 called aux:pass 3 often often ADV _ 4 called advmod 4 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bike det 6 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 4 called xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive It often property vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 1 A bicycle has 2 wheels.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET bicycle NOUN has VERB 2 NUM wheels NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bicycle det 2 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 wheels nummod 5 wheels wheel NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a bicycle 2 wheels vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheel=Patient
Example 2 There are 6 bicycles and 2 cars.
expl nummod nsubj cc nummod conj punct root There PRON are VERB 6 NUM bicycles NOUN and CCONJ 2 NUM cars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 bicycles nummod 4 bicycles bicycle NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 cars cc 6 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 cars nummod 7 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 4 bicycles conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 6 bicycles and 2 cars there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 He rides his bicycle 5 km a day.
nsubj nmod:poss obj nummod obl:unmarked det obl:unmarked punct root He PRON rides VERB his PRON bicycle NOUN 5 NUM km NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 rides nsubj 2 rides ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bicycle nmod:poss 4 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 2 rides obj 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 km nummod 6 km km NOUN Number=Sing 2 rides obl:unmarked 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 day det 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 rides obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 rides punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride present He his bicycle day 5 km obl:unmarked vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent bicycle=Location
Example 4 The bicycle costs 120 dollars.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET bicycle NOUN costs VERB 120 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bicycle det 2 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 3 costs nsubj 3 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 120 120 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 costs obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present the bicycle 120 dollars vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 5 Always wear a helmet when you ride a bicycle.
advmod det obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root Always ADV wear VERB a DET helmet NOUN when SCONJ you PRON ride VERB a DET bicycle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 wear advmod 2 wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 helmet det 4 helmet helmet NOUN Number=Sing 2 wear obj 5 when when SCONJ _ 7 ride mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 ride nsubj 7 ride ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 wear advcl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 bicycle det 9 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 7 ride obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here a helmet always property vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme 2 ride present you a bicycle vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent bicycle=Location
Example 6 She learned to ride a bicycle without stabilisers.
nsubj mark xcomp det obj case obl punct root She PRON learned VERB to PART ride VERB a DET bicycle NOUN without ADP stabilisers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 ride mark 4 ride ride VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 learned xcomp 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bicycle det 6 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 4 ride obj 7 without without ADP _ 8 stabilisers case 8 stabilisers stabiliser NOUN Number=Plur 4 ride obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past She vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 ride to-infinitive She not said here a bicycle without stabilisers vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent bicycle=Location
Example 7 The brakes on my bicycle use friction to stop the wheels.
det nsubj case nmod:poss nmod obj mark advcl det obj punct root The DET brakes NOUN on ADP my PRON bicycle NOUN use VERB friction NOUN to PART stop VERB the DET wheels NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 brakes det 2 brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 6 use nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 bicycle case 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 bicycle nmod:poss 5 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 2 brakes nmod 6 use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 6 use obj 8 to to PART _ 9 stop mark 9 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 use advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 wheels det 11 wheels wheel NOUN Number=Plur 9 stop obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use infinitive the brakes on my bicycle friction vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friction=Patient 2 stop to-infinitive the brakes on my bicycle not said here the wheels vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality wheel=Eventuality
Example 8 Lots of people in the Netherlands go to work by bicycle.
nsubj case nmod case det nmod mark xcomp case obl punct root Lots NOUN of ADP people NOUN in ADP the DET Netherlands PROPN go VERB to PART work VERB by ADP bicycle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 7 go nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 people case 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 1 Lots nmod 4 in in ADP _ 6 Netherlands case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Netherlands det 6 Netherlands Netherlands PROPN Number=Sing 3 people nmod 7 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 work mark 9 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 go xcomp 10 by by ADP _ 11 bicycle case 11 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 9 work obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present Lots of people in the Netherlands vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 work to-infinitive Lots of people in the Netherlands not said here by bicycle vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 Others rode on bicycles or on wooden horses.
nsubj case obl cc case amod conj punct root Others NOUN rode VERB on ADP bicycles NOUN or CCONJ on ADP wooden ADJ horses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Others other NOUN Number=Plur 2 rode nsubj 2 rode rode VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 4 bicycles case 4 bicycles bicycle NOUN Number=Plur 2 rode obl 5 or or CCONJ _ 8 horses cc 6 on on ADP _ 8 horses case 7 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 8 horses amod 8 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 4 bicycles conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rode present Others bicycles or wooden horses tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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