billion Who acts: billion, Billions, billion people, Earth, half, you · What happens: be, mean, feel, be about, write, cost · To what, where: one, huge feeling number, billion thousand million, four, one billion, galaxy · Speech: someone speaks here
«billion» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: billion in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A billion is one thousand million: 1,000,000,000.
det nsubj cop compound nmod punct acl:relcl punct root A DET billion NUM is AUX one NUM thousand NUM million NUM : PUNCT 1,000,000,000 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 billion det 2 billion billion NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 one nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 one cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 5 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 million compound 6 million million NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 one nmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 8 1,000,000,000 punct 8 1,000,000,000 1,000,000,000 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 one acl:relcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a billion one thousand million nmod tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Billions means a huge, uncountable-feeling number of things.
nsubj det amod punct amod punct amod obj case nmod punct root Billions NOUN means VERB a DET huge ADJ , PUNCT uncountable ADJ - PUNCT feeling VERB number NOUN of ADP things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Billions billion NOUN Number=Plur 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 number det 4 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 9 number amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 huge punct 6 uncountable uncountable ADJ Degree=Pos 8 feeling amod 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 uncountable punct 8 feeling feel VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 number amod 9 number number NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obj 10 of of ADP _ 11 things case 11 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 9 number nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Billions a huge feeling number of things vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic 2 feel gerund vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 1 A billion is a thousand million.
det compound cop det compound punct root A DET billion NUM is AUX a DET thousand NUM million NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 billion det 2 billion billion NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 million compound 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 million cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 million det 5 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 million compound 6 million million NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 million punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a billion thousand million tree rules
Example 2 There are about eight billion people in the world.
expl advmod compound nummod nsubj case det nmod punct root There PRON are VERB about ADV eight NUM billion NUM people NOUN in ADP the DET world NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 about about ADV _ 5 billion advmod 4 eight eight NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 billion compound 5 billion billion NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 people nummod 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 7 in in ADP _ 9 world case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 world det 9 world world NOUN Number=Sing 6 people nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be about present billion people in the world there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The Earth is about four and a half billion years old.
det nsubj cop advmod cc det nsubj nummod obl:unmarked conj punct root The DET Earth PROPN is AUX about ADV four NUM and CCONJ a DET half NOUN billion NUM years NOUN old ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Earth det 2 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 5 four nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 four cop 4 about about ADV _ 5 four advmod 5 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 11 old cc 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 half det 8 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 11 old nsubj 9 billion billion NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 years nummod 10 years year NOUN Number=Plur 11 old obl:unmarked 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 four conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 four punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Earth four about property tree rules 2 be a half year tree rules
Example 4 Write one billion with nine zeros.
compound obj case nummod obl punct root Write VERB one NUM billion NUM with ADP nine NUM zeros NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 billion compound 3 billion billion NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 1 Write obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 zeros case 5 nine nine NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 zeros nummod 6 zeros zero NOUN Number=Plur 1 Write obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here one billion with nine zeros vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent billion=Theme
Example 5 There are billions of stars in our galaxy.
expl nsubj case nmod case nmod:poss obl punct root There PRON are VERB billions NOUN of ADP stars NOUN in ADP our PRON galaxy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 billions billion NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 5 stars case 5 stars star NOUN Number=Plur 3 billions nmod 6 in in ADP _ 8 galaxy case 7 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 galaxy nmod:poss 8 galaxy galaxy NOUN Number=Sing 2 are obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present billions of stars our galaxy; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in galaxy=Location
Example 6 The bridge cost two billion dollars.
det nsubj compound nummod obj punct root The DET bridge NOUN cost VERB two NUM billion NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bridge det 2 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 3 cost nsubj 3 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 billion compound 5 billion billion NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 dollars nummod 6 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 cost obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 cost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present the bridge billion dollars vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 7 I've told you a billion times!
nsubj aux iobj det nummod obl:unmarked punct root I PRON 've AUX told VERB you PRON a DET billion NUM times NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 told nsubj 2 've have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 told aux 3 told tell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 told iobj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 billion det 6 billion billion NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 times nummod 7 times time NOUN Number=Plur 3 told obl:unmarked 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present · perfect I you time vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient
Example 8 Michael was ready: he wanted to see how long it took him to do a billion miles.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop punct nsubj parataxis mark xcomp advmod advmod nsubj ccomp obj mark advcl det nummod obj punct root Michael PROPN was AUX ready ADJ : PUNCT he PRON wanted VERB to PART see VERB how ADV long ADV it PRON took VERB him PRON to PART do VERB a DET billion NUM miles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Michael Michael PROPN Number=Sing 3 ready nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 ready cop 3 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 wanted punct 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 wanted nsubj 6 wanted want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 ready parataxis 7 to to PART _ 8 see mark 8 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 wanted xcomp 9 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 long advmod 10 long long ADV Degree=Pos 12 took advmod 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 took nsubj 12 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 see ccomp 13 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 took obj 14 to to PART _ 15 do mark 15 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 took advcl 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 billion det 17 billion billion NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 18 miles nummod 18 miles mile NOUN Number=Plur 15 do obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 ready punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Michael ready property tree rules 2 want past Michael vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 see not said to happen to-infinitive Michael not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 4 take past it Michael long property vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination 5 do to-infinitive billion miles vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mile=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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