binding Who acts: cover, strip, ski bindings, binding, contract, She · What happens: hold, page, have, obey, fix, tie · To what, where: pages, book, something, boots, things, ski bindings
«binding» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: binding in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The cover and spine that hold the pages of a book together.
det nsubj cc conj nsubj det obj case det nmod advmod punct root The DET cover NOUN and CCONJ spine NOUN that PRON hold VERB the DET pages NOUN of ADP a DET book NOUN together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cover det 2 cover cover NOUN Number=Sing 6 hold nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 spine cc 4 spine spine NOUN Number=Sing 2 cover conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 hold nsubj 6 hold hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 pages det 8 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 6 hold obj 9 of of ADP _ 11 book case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 book det 11 book book NOUN Number=Sing 8 pages nmod 12 together together ADV _ 11 book advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present the cover and spine the pages of a book vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Theme 2 page a book nom page «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.
Having to be obeyed, like a binding agreement or promise.
mark aux:pass xcomp punct case det compound parataxis cc conj punct root Having VERB to PART be AUX obeyed VERB , PUNCT like ADP a DET binding NOUN agreement NOUN or CCONJ promise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Having have VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 to to PART _ 4 obeyed mark 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 obeyed aux:pass 4 obeyed obey VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Having xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 agreement punct 6 like like ADP _ 9 agreement case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 agreement det 8 binding binding NOUN Number=Sing 9 agreement compound 9 agreement agreement NOUN Number=Sing 4 obeyed parataxis 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 promise cc 11 promise promise NOUN Number=Sing 9 agreement conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Having punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have gerund tree rules 2 obey to-infinitive · passive vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»
Meaning 3 A strip or fastening that holds something, like ski bindings that fix boots to skis.
The tree, 15 words det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct case compound appos nsubj acl:relcl obj case obl punct root A DET strip NOUN or CCONJ fastening NOUN that PRON holds VERB something PRON , PUNCT like ADP ski NOUN bindings NOUN that PRON fix VERB boots NOUN to ADP skis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 strip det 2 strip strip NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 fastening cc 4 fastening fastening NOUN Number=Sing 2 strip conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 holds nsubj 6 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 strip acl:relcl 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 holds obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 bindings punct 9 like like ADP _ 11 bindings case 10 ski ski NOUN Number=Sing 11 bindings compound 11 bindings binding NOUN Number=Plur 7 something appos 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 fix nsubj 13 fix fix VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 bindings acl:relcl 14 boots boot NOUN Number=Plur 13 fix obj 15 to to ADP _ 16 skis case 16 skis ski NOUN Number=Plur 13 fix obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 strip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present a strip or fastening something vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 fix present ski bindings boots to skis vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent boot=Patient to ski=Co-Patient
Meaning 4 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
Tying or fastening things together.
cc conj obj advmod punct root Tying VERB or CCONJ fastening VERB things NOUN together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tying tie VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 fastening cc 3 fastening fasten VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Tying conj 4 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 3 fastening obj 5 together together ADV _ 3 fastening advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Tying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tie gerund vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 2 fasten gerund things together property vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient
Example 1 The binding of the old book was falling apart.
det nsubj case det amod nmod aux advmod punct root The DET binding NOUN of ADP the DET old ADJ book NOUN was AUX falling VERB apart ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 binding det 2 binding binding NOUN Number=Sing 8 falling nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 book case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 book det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 book amod 6 book book NOUN Number=Sing 2 binding nmod 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 falling aux 8 falling fall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 9 apart apart ADV _ 8 falling advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 falling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall apart past · progressive the binding of the old book apart property vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 The contract is legally binding.
det nsubj aux advmod punct root The DET contract NOUN is AUX legally ADV binding VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 contract det 2 contract contract NOUN Number=Sing 5 binding nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 binding aux 4 legally legally ADV _ 5 binding advmod 5 binding bind VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 binding punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bind present · progressive the contract legally property vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
Example 3 She checked her ski bindings before going down the slope.
nsubj nmod:poss compound obj mark advcl case det obl punct root She PRON checked VERB her PRON ski NOUN bindings NOUN before SCONJ going VERB down ADP the DET slope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 checked nsubj 2 checked check VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 bindings nmod:poss 4 ski ski NOUN Number=Sing 5 bindings compound 5 bindings binding NOUN Number=Plur 2 checked obj 6 before before SCONJ _ 7 going mark 7 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 checked advcl 8 down down ADP _ 10 slope case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 slope det 10 slope slope NOUN Number=Sing 7 going obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 checked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check past She her ski bindings vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent binding=Theme 2 go down gerund She not said here the slope vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient slope=Extent
Example 4 Egg acts as a binding agent in burgers.
nsubj case det compound obl case nmod punct root Egg NOUN acts VERB as ADP a DET binding NOUN agent NOUN in ADP burgers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 2 acts nsubj 2 acts act VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 as as ADP _ 6 agent case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 agent det 5 binding binding NOUN Number=Sing 6 agent compound 6 agent agent NOUN Number=Sing 2 acts obl 7 in in ADP _ 8 burgers case 8 burgers burger NOUN Number=Plur 6 agent nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 acts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 act present Egg as a binding agent in burgers vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as agent=Attribute
Example 5 They were binding the sticks with string.
nsubj aux det obj case obl punct root They PRON were AUX binding VERB the DET sticks NOUN with ADP string NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 binding nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 binding aux 3 binding bind VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sticks det 5 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur 3 binding obj 6 with with ADP _ 7 string case 7 string string NOUN Number=Sing 3 binding obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 binding punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bind past · progressive They the sticks with string vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent stick=Patient with string=Co-Patient
Example 6 The decision of the referee is binding.
det nsubj case det nmod aux punct root The DET decision NOUN of ADP the DET referee NOUN is AUX binding VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 decision det 2 decision decision NOUN Number=Sing 7 binding nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 referee case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 referee det 5 referee referee NOUN Number=Sing 2 decision nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 binding aux 7 binding bind VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 binding punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bind present · progressive the decision of the referee vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 2 decide the referee nom decision «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 7 Tears stood in his eyes, and glistened on his cheeks; he carried a great book and the binding was of velvet, with silver clasps.
The tree, 24 words nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct cc conj case nmod:poss obl punct nsubj parataxis det amod obj cc det nsubj cop case conj punct case compound conj punct root Tears NOUN stood VERB in ADP his PRON eyes NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ glistened VERB on ADP his PRON cheeks NOUN ; PUNCT he PRON carried VERB a DET great ADJ book NOUN and CCONJ the DET binding NOUN was AUX of ADP velvet NOUN , PUNCT with ADP silver NOUN clasps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tears tear NOUN Number=Plur 2 stood nsubj 2 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 eyes case 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 eyes nmod:poss 5 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 2 stood obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 glistened punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 glistened cc 8 glistened glisten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 stood conj 9 on on ADP _ 11 cheeks case 10 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 cheeks nmod:poss 11 cheeks cheek NOUN Number=Plur 8 glistened obl 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 carried punct 13 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 carried nsubj 14 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 stood parataxis 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 book det 16 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 17 book amod 17 book book NOUN Number=Sing 14 carried obj 18 and and CCONJ _ 23 velvet cc 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 binding det 20 binding binding NOUN Number=Sing 23 velvet nsubj 21 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 23 velvet cop 22 of of ADP _ 23 velvet case 23 velvet velvet NOUN Number=Sing 14 carried conj 24 , , PUNCT _ 27 clasps punct 25 with with ADP _ 27 clasps case 26 silver silver NOUN Number=Sing 27 clasps compound 27 clasps clasp NOUN Number=Plur 14 carried conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 2 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past Tears his eyes vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in eye=Location 2 glisten participle Tears not said here his cheeks vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on cheek=Location 3 carry past he a great book vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme 4 is past the binding of velvet tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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