biologist Who acts: scientist, biologist, frogs, aunt, marine biologist, Charles · What happens: study, live, grow, be, look, count · To what, where: living things, marine biologist, whales, famous biologist, birds, forest · Speech: someone speaks here
«biologist» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: biologist in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A scientist who studies living things such as plants, animals, people and tiny living things like bacteria.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj nsubj amod obj case fixed nmod punct conj punct conj cc amod amod conj case nmod punct root A DET scientist NOUN who PRON studies VERB living VERB things NOUN such ADJ as ADP plants NOUN , PUNCT animals NOUN , PUNCT people NOUN and CCONJ tiny ADJ living ADJ things NOUN like ADP bacteria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 scientist det 2 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 4 studies nsubj 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 studies nsubj 4 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 living live VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 things amod 6 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 4 studies obj 7 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 9 plants case 8 as as ADP _ 7 such fixed 9 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 6 things nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 animals punct 11 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 9 plants conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 people punct 13 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 plants conj 14 and and CCONJ _ 17 things cc 15 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 17 things amod 16 living living ADJ Degree=Pos 17 things amod 17 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 9 plants conj 18 like like ADP _ 19 bacteria case 19 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 17 things nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 studies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present a scientist living things such plants and animals and people and tiny living things like bacteria vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic 2 live gerund vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A biologist studies how frogs grow from tadpoles.
det nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp case obl punct root A DET biologist NOUN studies VERB how ADV frogs NOUN grow VERB from ADP tadpoles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 biologist det 2 biologist biologist NOUN Number=Sing 3 studies nsubj 3 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 grow advmod 5 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 6 grow nsubj 6 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 studies ccomp 7 from from ADP _ 8 tadpoles case 8 tadpoles tadpole NOUN Number=Plur 6 grow obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 studies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present a biologist vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 grow present frogs from tadpoles vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from tadpole=Patient
Example 2 My aunt is a marine biologist who studies whales.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root My PRON aunt NOUN is AUX a DET marine ADJ biologist NOUN who PRON studies VERB whales NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 aunt nmod:poss 2 aunt aunt NOUN Number=Sing 6 biologist nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 biologist cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 biologist det 5 marine marine ADJ Degree=Pos 6 biologist amod 6 biologist biologist NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 studies nsubj 8 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 biologist acl:relcl 9 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 8 studies obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 biologist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My aunt a marine biologist tree rules 2 study present a marine biologist whales vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Topic
Example 3 The biologist looked at the cells under a microscope.
det nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root The DET biologist NOUN looked VERB at ADP the DET cells NOUN under ADP a DET microscope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 biologist det 2 biologist biologist NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 6 cells case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cells det 6 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 3 looked obl 7 under under ADP _ 9 microscope case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 microscope det 9 microscope microscope NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the biologist under a microscope; at the cells vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at cell=Theme
Example 4 Charles Darwin was a famous biologist.
nsubj flat cop det amod punct root Charles PROPN Darwin PROPN was AUX a DET famous ADJ biologist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Charles Charles PROPN Number=Sing 6 biologist nsubj 2 Darwin Darwin PROPN Number=Sing 1 Charles flat 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 biologist cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 biologist det 5 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 6 biologist amod 6 biologist biologist NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 biologist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Charles a famous biologist tree rules
Example 5 Biologists count the birds in the forest every spring.
nsubj det obj case det obl det obl:unmarked punct root Biologists NOUN count VERB the DET birds NOUN in ADP the DET forest NOUN every DET spring NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Biologists biologist NOUN Number=Plur 2 count nsubj 2 count count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 birds det 4 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 2 count obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 forest case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 forest det 7 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 2 count obl 8 every every DET PronType=Tot 9 spring det 9 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 2 count obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 count punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count present Biologists the birds the forest spring vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme
Example 6 When I grow up, I want to be a biologist.
advmod nsubj advcl compound:prt punct nsubj mark cop det xcomp punct root When ADV I PRON grow VERB up ADP , PUNCT I PRON want VERB to PART be AUX a DET biologist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 3 grow advmod 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 grow nsubj 3 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 want advcl 4 up up ADP _ 3 grow compound:prt 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 grow punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 want nsubj 7 want want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 11 biologist mark 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 biologist cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 biologist det 11 biologist biologist NOUN Number=Sing 7 want xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 want punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow up present I vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 want present I vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 3 is a not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here a biologist tree rules
Example 7 The biologist explained how bees help flowers.
det nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp obj punct root The DET biologist NOUN explained VERB how ADV bees NOUN help VERB flowers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 biologist det 2 biologist biologist NOUN Number=Sing 3 explained nsubj 3 explained explain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 help advmod 5 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 6 help nsubj 6 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 explained ccomp 7 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 6 help obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 explained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 explain speech: assert past the biologist vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 help present bees flowers vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flower=Beneficiary
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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