biology Who acts: Biology, people, 24 students, She, her, biology book · What happens: be, live, grow, take, score, test · To what, where: study, biology, 88, biology test, 300 pages, 5 more students · Speech: someone speaks here
«biology» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: biology in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Biology is the study of living things, like plants, animals and people, and how they live and grow.
The tree, 18 words nsubj cop det case amod nmod punct case conj punct nmod cc conj punct cc advmod nsubj conj cc conj punct root Biology NOUN is AUX the DET study NOUN of ADP living ADJ things NOUN , PUNCT like ADP plants NOUN , PUNCT animals NOUN and CCONJ people NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ how ADV they PRON live VERB and CCONJ grow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 4 study nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 study cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 study det 4 study study NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 things case 6 living living ADJ Degree=Pos 7 things amod 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 4 study nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 plants punct 9 like like ADP _ 10 plants case 10 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 7 things conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 animals punct 12 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 7 things nmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 people cc 14 people people NOUN Number=Plur 12 animals conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 live punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 19 live cc 17 how how ADV PronType=Int 19 live advmod 18 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 live nsubj 19 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 study conj 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 grow cc 21 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 live conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Biology the study of living things animals and people and plants tree rules 2 live present people vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 grow present people not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The biology of a living thing is how its body works.
det nsubj case det compound nmod cop advmod nmod:poss nsubj punct root The DET biology NOUN of ADP a DET living NOUN thing NOUN is AUX how ADV its PRON body NOUN works VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 biology det 2 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 11 works nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 thing case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 thing det 5 living living NOUN Number=Sing 6 thing compound 6 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 2 biology nmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 works cop 8 how how ADV PronType=Int 11 works advmod 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 body nmod:poss 10 body body NOUN Number=Sing 11 works nsubj 11 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the biology of a living thing work property tree rules
Example 1 24 students take biology.
nummod nsubj obj punct root 24 NUM students NOUN take VERB biology NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 students nummod 2 students student NOUN Number=Plur 3 take nsubj 3 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 3 take obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present 24 students biology vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biology=Theme
Example 2 She scored 88 on her biology test.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss compound obl punct root She PRON scored VERB 88 NUM on ADP her PRON biology NOUN test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 scored nsubj 2 scored score VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 88 88 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 scored obj 4 on on ADP _ 7 test case 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 test nmod:poss 6 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 7 test compound 7 test test NOUN Number=Sing 2 scored obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 scored punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 score past She 88 her biology test vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent 88=Theme on test=Source 2 test her = she nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The biology book has 300 pages.
det compound nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET biology NOUN book NOUN has VERB 300 NUM pages NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 book det 2 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 3 book compound 3 book book NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 300 300 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 pages nummod 6 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the biology book 300 pages vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Patient
Example 4 The biology class has 5 more students than chemistry.
det compound nsubj nummod amod obj case nmod punct root The DET biology NOUN class NOUN has VERB 5 NUM more ADJ students NOUN than ADP chemistry NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 class det 2 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 3 class compound 3 class class NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 students nummod 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 students amod 7 students student NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 8 than than ADP _ 9 chemistry case 9 chemistry chemistry NOUN Number=Sing 7 students nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the biology class 5 more students than chemistry vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent student=Patient
Example 5 In biology we learned about cells.
case obl nsubj case obl punct root In ADP biology NOUN we PRON learned VERB about ADP cells NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 biology case 2 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 4 learned obl 3 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 learned nsubj 4 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 about about ADP _ 6 cells case 6 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 4 learned obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past we biology about cells vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about cell=Topic
Example 6 She wants to study marine biology.
nsubj mark xcomp amod obj punct root She PRON wants VERB to PART study VERB marine ADJ biology NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wants nsubj 2 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 study mark 4 study study VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 wants xcomp 5 marine marine ADJ Degree=Pos 6 biology amod 6 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 4 study obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 wants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present She vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 study not said to happen to-infinitive She not said here marine biology vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biology=Topic
Example 7 Biology tells us how plants make food.
nsubj iobj advmod nsubj ccomp obj punct root Biology NOUN tells VERB us PRON how ADV plants NOUN make VERB food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 2 tells nsubj 2 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 tells iobj 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 make advmod 5 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 6 make nsubj 6 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 tells ccomp 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present Biology us vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 2 make present plants food vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Product
Example 8 The biology lab has microscopes.
det compound nsubj obj punct root The DET biology NOUN lab NOUN has VERB microscopes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 lab det 2 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 3 lab compound 3 lab lab NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 microscopes microscope NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the biology lab microscopes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent microscope=Patient
Example 9 He likes biology more than physics.
nsubj obj obj case obl punct root He PRON likes VERB biology NOUN more ADJ than ADP physics NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 likes nsubj 2 likes like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 2 likes obj 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 likes obj 5 than than ADP _ 6 physics case 6 physics physic NOUN Number=Plur 4 more obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 likes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 like present He biology tree rules
Example 10 We looked at frog eggs in biology.
nsubj case compound obl case obl punct root We PRON looked VERB at ADP frog NOUN eggs NOUN in ADP biology NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 eggs case 4 frog frog NOUN Number=Sing 5 eggs compound 5 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 2 looked obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 biology case 7 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past We in biology; at frog eggs vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at egg=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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