bioluminescence

Who acts: Fireflies, anglerfish, We, Bioluminescence, Glow worms, mushrooms · What happens: make, glow, cause, flash, use, lure · To what, where: Light, itself, night, bioluminescence, prey, blue bioluminescence

«bioluminescence» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bioluminescence in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

Light made by living things, such as fireflies, glow-worms, some fungi and many deep-sea animals.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Light	acl
3	by	by	ADP	_	5 things	case
4	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 things	amod
5	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 made	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 fireflies	punct
7	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	9 fireflies	case
8	as	as	ADP	_	7 such	fixed
9	fireflies	firefly	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 things	appos
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 worms	punct
11	glow	glow	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 worms	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 glow	punct
13	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 fireflies	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 fungi	punct
15	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	16 fungi	det
16	fungi	fungus	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 fireflies	conj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 animals	cc
18	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 animals	amod
19	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 sea	amod
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	19 deep	punct
21	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 animals	compound
22	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 fireflies	conj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Light	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		Light not said here				by living things	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

The glowing itself, for example blue sparkles in the sea at night caused by tiny plankton.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 glowing	det
2	glowing	glow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 glowing	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 sparkles	punct
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 sparkles	case
6	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sparkles	nmod
7	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 sparkles	amod
8	sparkles	sparkle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 glowing	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 sea	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sea	det
11	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sparkles	nmod
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 night	case
13	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sparkles	nmod
14	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 night	acl
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 plankton	case
16	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 plankton	amod
17	plankton	plankton	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 caused	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 glowing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glow	gerund		itself = it				for blue sparkles example in the sea at night	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent itself=Theme
2	cause	participle		night not said here				by tiny plankton	vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition

Example 1

Fireflies flash by bioluminescence.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fireflies	firefly	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flash	nsubj
2	flash	flash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 bioluminescence	case
4	bioluminescence	bioluminescence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flash	obl
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 flash	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flash	present	Fireflies					by bioluminescence	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by bioluminescence=Location

Example 2

The anglerfish uses bioluminescence to lure prey.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 anglerfish	det
2	anglerfish	anglerfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uses	nsubj
3	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	bioluminescence	bioluminescence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uses	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 lure	mark
6	lure	lure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 uses	advcl
7	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lure	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 uses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	the anglerfish	bioluminescence					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bioluminescence=Patient
2	lure	to-infinitive	the anglerfish not said here	prey					vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient

Example 3

We saw blue bioluminescence in the waves at night.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 saw	nsubj
2	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bioluminescence	amod
4	bioluminescence	bioluminescence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 saw	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 waves	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 waves	det
7	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 saw	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 night	case
9	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 saw	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 saw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past	We	blue bioluminescence		the waves	night		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bioluminescence=Stimulus

Example 4

Bioluminescence happens because of a chemical reaction.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bioluminescence	bioluminescence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 happens	nsubj
2	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	7 reaction	case
4	of	of	ADP	_	3 because	fixed
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 reaction	det
6	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 reaction	amod
7	reaction	reaction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 happens	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 happens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present	Bioluminescence					because a chemical reaction	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 5

Glow-worms in New Zealand caves light up the ceiling with bioluminescence.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Glow	glow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 worms	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Glow	punct
3	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 light	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 caves	case
5	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Zealand	flat
6	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 caves	compound
7	caves	cave	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 worms	nmod
8	light	light	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 light	compound:prt
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ceiling	det
11	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 light	obj
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 bioluminescence	case
13	bioluminescence	bioluminescence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 light	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 light	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	light up	present	Glow worms in Zealand caves	the ceiling				with bioluminescence	vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ceiling=Product with bioluminescence=Material

Example 6

Some mushrooms glow in the dark with bioluminescence.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 mushrooms	det
2	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 glow	nsubj
3	glow	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 dark	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dark	det
6	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 glow	obl
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 bioluminescence	case
8	bioluminescence	bioluminescence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 glow	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 glow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glow	present	some mushrooms			the dark		with bioluminescence	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/bioluminescence/