blacken

Who acts: others, someone, smoke, He, Spilled ink, Lies · What happens: make, blacken, be, think, name, spill · To what, where: something, name, less, kitchen ceiling, moustache, tablecloth

«blacken» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: blacken in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To make something black or very dark, such as with soot, smoke or charcoal.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 make	mark
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 make	obj
4	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 something	amod
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 dark	cc
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 dark	advmod
7	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 black	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 soot	punct
9	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	12 soot	case
10	as	as	ADP	_	9 such	fixed
11	with	with	ADP	_	9 such	fixed
12	soot	soot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 something	appos
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 smoke	punct
14	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 soot	conj
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 charcoal	cc
16	charcoal	charcoal	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 soot	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive		something					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To blacken someone's name is to say bad things about them so others think less of them.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 blacken	mark
2	blacken	blacken	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 say	advcl
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 name	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 someone	case
5	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 blacken	obj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 say	cop
7	to	to	PART	_	8 say	mark
8	say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 things	amod
10	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 say	obj
11	about	about	ADP	_	12 them	case
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 things	nmod
13	so	so	SCONJ	_	15 think	mark
14	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 think	nsubj
15	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 say	advcl
16	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	15 think	obj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 them	case
18	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 less	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	blacken	to-infinitive		someone's name		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent name=Patient
2	is	present			say property	tree rules
3	think speech: other	present	others	less		vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot less=Theme
4	name		someone			nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 1

The smoke blackened the kitchen ceiling.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 smoke	det
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blackened	nsubj
3	blackened	blacken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ceiling	det
5	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ceiling	compound
6	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blackened	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 blackened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blacken	past	the smoke	the kitchen ceiling					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent ceiling=Patient

Example 2

He blackened his moustache with burnt cork.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 blackened	nsubj
2	blackened	blacken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 moustache	nmod:poss
4	moustache	moustache	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 blackened	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 cork	case
6	burnt	burnt	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cork	amod
7	cork	cork	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 blackened	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 blackened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blacken	past	He	his moustache				with burnt cork	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent moustache=Patient with cork=Instrument

Example 3

Spilled ink blackened the tablecloth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spilled	spill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 ink	amod
2	ink	ink	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blackened	nsubj
3	blackened	blacken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 tablecloth	det
5	tablecloth	tablecloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blackened	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 blackened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spill	participle							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	blacken	past	Spilled ink	the tablecloth					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tablecloth=Patient

Example 4

Lies can blacken a person's good name.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lies	lie	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 blacken	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 blacken	aux
3	blacken	blacken	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 name	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 person	case
7	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 name	amod
8	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blacken	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 blacken	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blacken	can	Lies	a person's good name					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent name=Patient
2	name		a person						nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/blacken/