blackened Who acts: outside, someone, their, fire, Blackened trees, Dad · What happens: blacken, mean, make, cook, turn, be · To what, where: Blackened food, name, bad things, past form, walls, hillside · Speech: someone speaks here
«blackened» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: blackened in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Blackened means made black or dark, for example by fire, smoke or dirt.
The tree, 13 words nsubj ccomp xcomp cc conj punct case obl case obl punct conj cc conj punct root Blackened VERB means VERB made VERB black ADJ or CCONJ dark ADJ , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN by ADP fire NOUN , PUNCT smoke NOUN or CCONJ dirt NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Blackened blacken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 3 made xcomp 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 dark cc 6 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 4 black conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 example punct 8 for for ADP _ 9 example case 9 example example NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 10 by by ADP _ 11 fire case 11 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 smoke punct 13 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 11 fire conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 dirt cc 15 dirt dirt NOUN Number=Sing 11 fire conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blacken participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make participle for example; by fire and smoke or dirt; black property vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for example=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: cooking — kept apart, not parsed.
Blackened food has been cooked in a very hot pan with spices so the outside turns dark.
The tree, 17 words amod nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case det advmod amod obl case nmod mark det nsubj advcl xcomp punct root Blackened VERB food NOUN has AUX been AUX cooked VERB in ADP a DET very ADV hot ADJ pan NOUN with ADP spices NOUN so SCONJ the DET outside NOUN turns VERB dark ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Blackened blacken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 food amod 2 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 cooked nsubj:pass 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 cooked aux 4 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 cooked aux:pass 5 cooked cook VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 10 pan case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 pan det 8 very very ADV _ 9 hot advmod 9 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 10 pan amod 10 pan pan NOUN Number=Sing 5 cooked obl 11 with with ADP _ 12 spices case 12 spices spice NOUN Number=Plur 10 pan nmod 13 so so SCONJ _ 16 turns mark 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 outside det 15 outside outside NOUN Number=Sing 16 turns nsubj 16 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 cooked advcl 17 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 16 turns xcomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 cooked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blacken participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 cook present · perfect · passive Blackened food in a hot pan with spices vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient in pan=Instrument 3 turn present the outside dark property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 To blacken someone's name is to damage their reputation by saying bad things about them; blackened is its past form.
The tree, 21 words mark advcl nmod:poss case obj cop mark nmod:poss obj mark advcl amod obj case nmod punct csubj:pass cop nmod:poss amod obl punct root To PART blacken VERB someone PRON 's PART name NOUN is AUX to PART damage VERB their PRON reputation NOUN by SCONJ saying VERB bad ADJ things NOUN about ADP them PRON ; PUNCT blackened VERB is AUX its PRON past ADJ form NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 blacken mark 2 blacken blacken VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 damage advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 name nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 someone case 5 name name NOUN Number=Sing 2 blacken obj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 damage cop 7 to to PART _ 8 damage mark 8 damage damage VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 reputation nmod:poss 10 reputation reputation NOUN Number=Sing 8 damage obj 11 by by SCONJ _ 12 saying mark 12 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 damage advcl 13 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 14 things amod 14 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 12 saying obj 15 about about ADP _ 16 them case 16 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 things nmod 17 ; ; PUNCT _ 18 blackened punct 18 blackened blacken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 22 form csubj:pass 19 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 form cop 20 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 22 form nmod:poss 21 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 22 form amod 22 form form NOUN Number=Sing 8 damage obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 8 damage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blacken to-infinitive someone's name vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent name=Patient 2 is present damage property tree rules 3 say speech: assert gerund bad things about things = thing vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic 4 blacken participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 5 is a present reputation's past form tree rules 6 name someone nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent 7 repute their = they nom reputation «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 The fire left the walls blackened and burnt.
det nsubj det obj acl cc conj punct root The DET fire NOUN left VERB the DET walls NOUN blackened VERB and CCONJ burnt VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fire det 2 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 3 left nsubj 3 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 walls det 5 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 3 left obj 6 blackened blacken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 walls acl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 burnt cc 8 burnt burnt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 blackened conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past the fire the walls vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Theme 2 blacken participle the walls not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 burnt participle tree rules
Example 2 Blackened trees stood on the hillside after the bushfire.
amod nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root Blackened VERB trees NOUN stood VERB on ADP the DET hillside NOUN after ADP the DET bushfire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Blackened blacken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 trees amod 2 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 3 stood nsubj 3 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 hillside case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 hillside det 6 hillside hillside NOUN Number=Sing 3 stood obl 7 after after ADP _ 9 bushfire case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bushfire det 9 bushfire bushfire NOUN Number=Sing 3 stood obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blacken participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 stand past Blackened trees the hillside after the bushfire vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on hillside=Location
Example 3 The chimney sweep's face was blackened with soot.
det compound nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root The DET chimney NOUN sweep NOUN 's PART face NOUN was AUX blackened VERB with ADP soot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sweep det 2 chimney chimney NOUN Number=Sing 3 sweep compound 3 sweep sweep NOUN Number=Sing 5 face nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 sweep case 5 face face NOUN Number=Sing 7 blackened nsubj:pass 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 blackened aux:pass 7 blackened blacken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 with with ADP _ 9 soot case 9 soot soot NOUN Number=Sing 7 blackened obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 blackened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blacken past · passive the chimney sweep's face with soot vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with soot=Instrument
Example 4 Dad cooked blackened chicken with spicy seasoning.
nsubj amod obj case amod obl punct root Dad NOUN cooked VERB blackened VERB chicken NOUN with ADP spicy ADJ seasoning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 cooked nsubj 2 cooked cook VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 blackened blacken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 chicken amod 4 chicken chicken NOUN Number=Sing 2 cooked obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 seasoning case 6 spicy spicy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 seasoning amod 7 seasoning seasoning NOUN Number=Sing 2 cooked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 cooked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cook past Dad blackened chicken with spicy seasoning vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent chicken=Patient with seasoning=Instrument 2 blacken participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 Rotten bananas have blackened skins.
amod nsubj:pass aux obj punct root Rotten ADJ bananas NOUN have AUX blackened VERB skins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rotten rotten ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bananas amod 2 bananas banana NOUN Number=Plur 4 blackened nsubj:pass 3 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 blackened aux 4 blackened blacken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 skins skin NOUN Number=Plur 4 blackened obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 blackened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blacken present · perfect · passive Rotten bananas tree rules
Example 6 Lies blackened the poor man's good name.
nsubj det amod nmod:poss case amod obj punct root Lies NOUN blackened VERB the DET poor ADJ man NOUN 's PART good ADJ name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lies lie NOUN Number=Plur 2 blackened nsubj 2 blackened blacken VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 man det 4 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 5 man amod 5 man man NOUN Number=Sing 8 name nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 man case 7 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 8 name amod 8 name name NOUN Number=Sing 2 blackened obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 blackened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blacken past Lies the poor man's good name vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent name=Patient 2 name the poor man nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The old church walls were blackened by years of coal smoke.
det amod compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl case compound nmod punct root The DET old ADJ church NOUN walls NOUN were AUX blackened VERB by ADP years NOUN of ADP coal NOUN smoke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 walls det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 walls amod 3 church church NOUN Number=Sing 4 walls compound 4 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 6 blackened nsubj:pass 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 blackened aux:pass 6 blackened blacken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 by by ADP _ 8 years case 8 years year NOUN Number=Plur 6 blackened obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 smoke case 10 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 11 smoke compound 11 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 8 years nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 blackened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blacken past · passive the old church walls year vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 8 Slowly, very slowly, they blackened and turned to ashes.
advmod punct advmod advmod punct nsubj cc conj case obl punct root Slowly ADV , PUNCT very ADV slowly ADV , PUNCT they PRON blackened VERB and CCONJ turned VERB to ADP ashes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Slowly slowly ADV _ 7 blackened advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Slowly punct 3 very very ADV _ 4 slowly advmod 4 slowly slowly ADV _ 7 blackened advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 blackened punct 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 blackened nsubj 7 blackened blacken VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 turned cc 9 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 blackened conj 10 to to ADP _ 11 ashes case 11 ashes ash NOUN Number=Plur 9 turned obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 blackened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blacken past they slowly property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 turn past they not said here ashes vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to ash=Trajectory
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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