bonfire Who acts: bonfire, large outdoor fire, We, you, Dad, sparks · What happens: be, make, burn, toast, keep back, watch · To what, where: large outdoor fire, rubbish, marshmallows, bonfire, fireworks, dry leaves
«bonfire» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bonfire in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bonfire is a large outdoor fire, made to burn rubbish or for a celebration.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod amod punct acl mark xcomp obj cc case det conj punct root A DET bonfire NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ outdoor ADJ fire NOUN , PUNCT made VERB to PART burn VERB rubbish NOUN or CCONJ for ADP a DET celebration NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bonfire det 2 bonfire bonfire NOUN Number=Sing 7 fire nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fire cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fire det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fire amod 6 outdoor outdoor ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fire amod 7 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 made punct 9 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 fire acl 10 to to PART _ 11 burn mark 11 burn burn VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 made xcomp 12 rubbish rubbish NOUN Number=Sing 11 burn obj 13 or or CCONJ _ 16 celebration cc 14 for for ADP _ 16 celebration case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 celebration det 16 celebration celebration NOUN Number=Sing 12 rubbish conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 fire punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bonfire a large outdoor fire tree rules 2 make participle a large outdoor fire not said here tree rules 3 burn to-infinitive a large outdoor fire not said here rubbish or a celebration vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent rubbish=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 We toasted marshmallows by the bonfire.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root We PRON toasted VERB marshmallows NOUN by ADP the DET bonfire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 toasted nsubj 2 toasted toast VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 marshmallows marshmallow NOUN Number=Plur 2 toasted obj 4 by by ADP _ 6 bonfire case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bonfire det 6 bonfire bonfire NOUN Number=Sing 2 toasted obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 toasted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toast past We marshmallows by the bonfire vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent marshmallow=Patient
Example 2 Keep back from the bonfire.
advmod case det obl punct root Keep VERB back ADV from ADP the DET bonfire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 back back ADV _ 1 Keep advmod 3 from from ADP _ 5 bonfire case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bonfire det 5 bonfire bonfire NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep back imperative you not said here the bonfire vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from bonfire=Eventuality
Example 3 On Bonfire Night we watched the fireworks.
case compound obl nsubj det obj punct root On ADP Bonfire PROPN Night NOUN we PRON watched VERB the DET fireworks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 Night case 2 Bonfire Bonfire PROPN Number=Sing 3 Night compound 3 Night night NOUN Number=Sing 5 watched obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 watched nsubj 5 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fireworks det 7 fireworks firework NOUN Number=Plur 5 watched obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past we the fireworks night vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firework=Theme
Example 4 Dad lit a bonfire to burn the dry leaves.
nsubj det obj mark advcl det amod obj punct root Dad NOUN lit VERB a DET bonfire NOUN to PART burn VERB the DET dry ADJ leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 lit nsubj 2 lit light VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 bonfire det 4 bonfire bonfire NOUN Number=Sing 2 lit obj 5 to to PART _ 6 burn mark 6 burn burn VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 lit advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 leaves det 8 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 9 leaves amod 9 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 6 burn obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 lit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 light past Dad a bonfire vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bonfire=Product 2 burn to-infinitive Dad not said here the dry leaves vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme
Example 5 Check bonfires for hedgehogs before lighting them.
obj case obl mark advcl obj punct root Check VERB bonfires NOUN for ADP hedgehogs NOUN before SCONJ lighting VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 bonfires bonfire NOUN Number=Plur 1 Check obj 3 for for ADP _ 4 hedgehogs case 4 hedgehogs hedgehog NOUN Number=Plur 1 Check obl 5 before before SCONJ _ 6 lighting mark 6 lighting light VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Check advcl 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 lighting obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check imperative you not said here bonfires for hedgehogs vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent bonfire=Theme for hedgehog=Attribute 2 light gerund you not said here bonfires = bonfire vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Product
Example 6 Never throw spray cans on a bonfire.
advmod compound obj case det obl punct root Never ADV throw VERB spray NOUN cans NOUN on ADP a DET bonfire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 throw advmod 2 throw throw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 4 cans compound 4 cans can NOUN Number=Plur 2 throw obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 bonfire case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bonfire det 7 bonfire bonfire NOUN Number=Sing 2 throw obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 throw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not throw imperative you not said here spray cans a bonfire vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent can=Theme on bonfire=Destination
Example 7 We sang songs around the bonfire.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root We PRON sang VERB songs NOUN around ADP the DET bonfire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sang nsubj 2 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 songs song NOUN Number=Plur 2 sang obj 4 around around ADP _ 6 bonfire case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bonfire det 6 bonfire bonfire NOUN Number=Sing 2 sang obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past We songs the bonfire vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
Example 8 The bonfire crackled and sparks flew up.
det nsubj cc nsubj conj compound:prt punct root The DET bonfire NOUN crackled VERB and CCONJ sparks NOUN flew VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bonfire det 2 bonfire bonfire NOUN Number=Sing 3 crackled nsubj 3 crackled crackle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 flew cc 5 sparks spark NOUN Number=Plur 6 flew nsubj 6 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 crackled conj 7 up up ADP _ 6 flew compound:prt 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 crackled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crackle past the bonfire vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 fly up past sparks vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 That was a fine place to make a bonfire, only the gardener was too busy just then to attend to it.
The tree, 21 words nsubj cop det amod mark acl det obj punct advmod det nsubj cop advmod parataxis advmod advmod mark advcl case obl punct root That PRON was AUX a DET fine ADJ place NOUN to PART make VERB a DET bonfire NOUN , PUNCT only ADV the DET gardener NOUN was AUX too ADV busy ADJ just ADV then ADV to PART attend VERB to ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 place nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 place cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 place det 4 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 5 place amod 5 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 make mark 7 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 place acl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 bonfire det 9 bonfire bonfire NOUN Number=Sing 7 make obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 16 busy punct 11 only only ADV _ 16 busy advmod 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 gardener det 13 gardener gardener NOUN Number=Sing 16 busy nsubj 14 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 busy cop 15 too too ADV _ 16 busy advmod 16 busy busy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 place parataxis 17 just just ADV _ 18 then advmod 18 then then ADV PronType=Dem 16 busy advmod 19 to to PART _ 20 attend mark 20 attend attend VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 busy advcl 21 to to ADP _ 22 it case 22 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 attend obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past That a fine place tree rules 2 make to-infinitive a bonfire vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bonfire=Product 3 is past the gardener then busy property tree rules 4 attend to-infinitive the gardener not said here gardener vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to it=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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