book Who acts: book, 3 bags, bag, Zoe, shelf, many books · What happens: be, join, write, book, have, give · To what, where: set, one side, long written work, table, 4 books, 8 books
«book» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: book in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A book is a set of pages with words or pictures, joined at one side inside a cover.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case nmod cc conj punct parataxis case nummod obl case det nmod punct root A DET book NOUN is AUX a DET set NOUN of ADP pages NOUN with ADP words NOUN or CCONJ pictures NOUN , PUNCT joined VERB at ADP one NUM side NOUN inside ADP a DET cover NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 book det 2 book book NOUN Number=Sing 5 set nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 set cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 set det 5 set set NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 pages case 7 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 5 set nmod 8 with with ADP _ 9 words case 9 words word NOUN Number=Plur 7 pages nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 pictures cc 11 pictures picture NOUN Number=Plur 9 words conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 joined punct 13 joined join VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 set parataxis 14 at at ADP _ 16 side case 15 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 16 side nummod 16 side side NOUN Number=Sing 13 joined obl 17 inside inside ADP _ 19 cover case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 cover det 19 cover cover NOUN Number=Sing 16 side nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a book a set of pages with words or pictures tree rules 2 join participle one side inside a cover vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A book is a long written work, a story or a text: a book about space.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod amod punct det conj cc det conj punct det parataxis case nmod punct root A DET book NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ written VERB work NOUN , PUNCT a DET story NOUN or CCONJ a DET text NOUN : PUNCT a DET book NOUN about ADP space NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 book det 2 book book NOUN Number=Sing 7 work nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 work cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 work det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 work amod 6 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 work amod 7 work work NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 story punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 story det 10 story story NOUN Number=Sing 7 work conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 text cc 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 text det 13 text text NOUN Number=Sing 10 story conj 14 : : PUNCT _ 16 book punct 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 book det 16 book book NOUN Number=Sing 7 work parataxis 17 about about ADP _ 18 space case 18 space space NOUN Number=Sing 16 book nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present a book a long written work and a story or a text tree rules
Meaning 3 To book is to arrange a place or ticket ahead of time: book a table.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj cop mark det obj cc conj advmod case obl punct conj det obj punct root To PART book VERB is AUX to PART arrange VERB a DET place NOUN or CCONJ ticket NOUN ahead ADV of ADP time NOUN : PUNCT book VERB a DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 book mark 2 book book VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 arrange csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 arrange cop 4 to to PART _ 5 arrange mark 5 arrange arrange VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 place det 7 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 arrange obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 ticket cc 9 ticket ticket NOUN Number=Sing 7 place conj 10 ahead ahead ADV _ 9 ticket advmod 11 of of ADP _ 12 time case 12 time time NOUN Number=Sing 10 ahead obl 13 : : PUNCT _ 14 book punct 14 book book VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 arrange conj 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 table det 16 table table NOUN Number=Sing 14 book obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 arrange punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 book to-infinitive vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is present arrange property tree rules 3 book infinitive a table vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Theme
Example 1 I place one book on the table.
nsubj nummod obj case det nmod punct root I PRON place NOUN one NUM book NOUN on ADP the DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 place nsubj 2 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 book nummod 4 book book NOUN Number=Sing 2 place obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 table case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 table det 7 table table NOUN Number=Sing 4 book nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 place punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 There are 3 bags. Each bag has 4 books.
Sentence 1: There are 3 bags.
expl nummod nsubj punct root There PRON are VERB 3 NUM bags NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 bags nummod 4 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 3 bags there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: Each bag has 4 books.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET bag NOUN has VERB 4 NUM books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 bag det 2 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 books nummod 5 books book NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each bag 4 books vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient
Example 3 Zoe had 8 books and gave 3 to Tim.
nsubj nummod obj cc conj obj case obl punct root Zoe PROPN had VERB 8 NUM books NOUN and CCONJ gave VERB 3 NUM to ADP Tim PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Zoe Zoe PROPN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 books nummod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 gave cc 6 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 7 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 gave obj 8 to to ADP _ 9 Tim case 9 Tim Tim PROPN Number=Sing 6 gave obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Zoe 8 books vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient 2 give past Zoe not said here 3 Tim vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 3=Theme to tim=Recipient
Example 4 A shelf holds 10 books. How many books are on 5 shelves?
Sentence 1: A shelf holds 10 books.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET shelf NOUN holds VERB 10 NUM books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shelf det 2 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 books nummod 5 books book NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present a shelf 10 books vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme
Sentence 2: How many books are on 5 shelves?
advmod amod nsubj cop case nummod punct root How ADV many ADJ books NOUN are AUX on ADP 5 NUM shelves NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 books amod 3 books book NOUN Number=Plur 7 shelves nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 shelves cop 5 on on ADP _ 7 shelves case 6 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 shelves nummod 7 shelves shelf NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 shelves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present many books 5 shelves tree rules
Example 5 My favourite book is about dragons.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop case punct root My PRON favourite ADJ book NOUN is AUX about ADP dragons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 book nmod:poss 2 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos 3 book amod 3 book book NOUN Number=Sing 6 dragons nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 dragons cop 5 about about ADP _ 6 dragons case 6 dragons dragon NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 dragons punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My favourite book about dragons tree rules
Example 6 Write your name in your exercise book.
nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss compound obl punct root Write VERB your PRON name NOUN in ADP your PRON exercise NOUN book NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 name nmod:poss 3 name name NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obj 4 in in ADP _ 7 book case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 book nmod:poss 6 exercise exercise NOUN Number=Sing 7 book compound 7 book book NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here your name your exercise book vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in book=Destination 2 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 We borrowed three books from the library.
nsubj nummod obj case det obl punct root We PRON borrowed VERB three NUM books NOUN from ADP the DET library NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 borrowed nsubj 2 borrowed borrow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 books nummod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 borrowed obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 library case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 library det 7 library library NOUN Number=Sing 2 borrowed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 borrowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow past We three books the library vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent book=Theme from library=Source
Example 8 Mum booked tickets for the train.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root Mum NOUN booked VERB tickets NOUN for ADP the DET train NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 booked nsubj 2 booked book VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 tickets ticket NOUN Number=Plur 2 booked obj 4 for for ADP _ 6 train case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 train det 6 train train NOUN Number=Sing 2 booked obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 booked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 book past Mum tickets for the train vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent ticket=Theme for train=Beneficiary
Example 9 Yes, that was a picture book!
discourse punct nsubj cop det compound punct root Yes INTJ , PUNCT that PRON was AUX a DET picture NOUN book NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 7 book discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Yes punct 3 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 book nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 book cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 book det 6 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 7 book compound 7 book book NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 7 book punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past that a picture book tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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