borrow Who acts: regroup, She, He, you, I, Return · What happens: borrow, be, use, give back, pay back, make · To what, where: something, money, subtraction, tens, 10 ones, 3 books
«borrow» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: borrow in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To borrow is to take or use something that you will give back later.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark cc conj obj nsubj nsubj aux acl:relcl advmod advmod punct root To PART borrow VERB is AUX to PART take VERB or CCONJ use VERB something PRON that PRON you PRON will AUX give VERB back ADV later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 borrow mark 2 borrow borrow VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 take csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 take cop 4 to to PART _ 5 take mark 5 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 use cc 7 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 take conj 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 use obj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 give nsubj 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 give nsubj 11 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 give aux 12 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 something acl:relcl 13 back back ADV _ 12 give advmod 14 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 12 give advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow to-infinitive vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is present take property tree rules 3 use infinitive something vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 4 give back future late property vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To borrow money is to get it from a person or a bank and pay it back later.
The tree, 18 words mark csubj obj cop mark obj case det obl cc det conj cc conj obj advmod advmod punct root To PART borrow VERB money NOUN is AUX to PART get VERB it PRON from ADP a DET person NOUN or CCONJ a DET bank NOUN and CCONJ pay VERB it PRON back ADV later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 borrow mark 2 borrow borrow VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 get csubj 3 money money NOUN Number=Sing 2 borrow obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 get cop 5 to to PART _ 6 get mark 6 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 get obj 8 from from ADP _ 10 person case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 person det 10 person person NOUN Number=Sing 6 get obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 bank cc 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 bank det 13 bank bank NOUN Number=Sing 10 person conj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 pay cc 15 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 get conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 pay obj 17 back back ADV _ 15 pay advmod 18 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 15 pay advmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow to-infinitive money vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme 2 is present from a person or a bank; get property tree rules 3 pay back infinitive money late property vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Asset
Meaning 3 In subtraction, to borrow (regroup) is to take 1 ten from the tens to make 10 ones.
The tree, 17 words case obl punct mark punct nsubj punct cop mark ccomp compound obj case det obl mark advcl nummod obj punct root In ADP subtraction NOUN , PUNCT to PART borrow VERB ( PUNCT regroup NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX to PART take VERB 1 NUM ten NUM from ADP the DET tens NOUN to PART make VERB 10 NUM ones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 subtraction case 2 subtraction subtraction NOUN Number=Sing 5 borrow obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 borrow punct 4 to to PART _ 5 borrow mark 5 borrow borrow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 ( ( PUNCT _ 7 regroup punct 7 regroup regroup NOUN Number=Sing 11 take nsubj 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 regroup punct 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 take cop 10 to to PART _ 11 take mark 11 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 borrow ccomp 12 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 13 ten compound 13 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 take obj 14 from from ADP _ 16 tens case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 tens det 16 tens ten NOUN Number=Plur 11 take obl 17 to to PART _ 18 make mark 18 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 take advcl 19 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 20 ones nummod 20 ones one NOUN Number=Plur 18 make obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 borrow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow to-infinitive subtraction tree rules 2 is present regroup the tens take property tree rules 3 make to-infinitive regroup not said here 10 ones vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset one=Product
Example 1 She borrows 3 books from the library.
nsubj nummod obj case det nmod punct root She PRON borrows VERB 3 NUM books NOUN from ADP the DET library NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 borrows nsubj 2 borrows borrow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 books nummod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 borrows obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 library case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 library det 7 library library NOUN Number=Sing 4 books nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 borrows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow present She 3 books the library vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent book=Theme from library=Source
Example 2 He borrowed 10 dollars from his sister.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root He PRON borrowed VERB 10 NUM dollars NOUN from ADP his PRON sister NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 borrowed nsubj 2 borrowed borrow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 dollars nummod 4 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 2 borrowed obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 sister case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 sister nmod:poss 7 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 2 borrowed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 borrowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow past He 10 dollars from his sister vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent dollar=Theme from sister=Source
Example 3 How many books are left after 25 are borrowed?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root How ADV many ADJ books NOUN are AUX left VERB after SCONJ 25 NUM are AUX borrowed VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 books amod 3 books book NOUN Number=Plur 5 left nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 after after SCONJ _ 9 borrowed mark 7 25 25 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 borrowed nsubj:pass 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 borrowed aux:pass 9 borrowed borrow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 left advcl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive many books vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 borrow present · passive 25 vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 4 In 52 − 18 you borrow from the tens.
case obl case nmod nsubj case det obl punct root In ADP 52 NUM − SYM 18 NUM you PRON borrow VERB from ADP the DET tens NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 52 case 2 52 52 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 borrow obl 3 − − SYM _ 4 18 case 4 18 18 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 52 nmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 borrow nsubj 6 borrow borrow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 from from ADP _ 9 tens case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 tens det 9 tens ten NOUN Number=Plur 6 borrow obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 borrow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow present you 52 − 18 from the tens vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from ten=Source
Example 5 Can I borrow your pencil?
aux nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Can AUX I PRON borrow VERB your PRON pencil NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 borrow aux 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 borrow nsubj 3 borrow borrow VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 pencil nmod:poss 5 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 3 borrow obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 borrow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow can I your pencil vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme
Example 6 You can borrow books for two weeks.
nsubj aux obj case nummod obl punct root You PRON can AUX borrow VERB books NOUN for ADP two NUM weeks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 borrow nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 borrow aux 3 borrow borrow VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 3 borrow obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 weeks case 6 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 weeks nummod 7 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 3 borrow obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 borrow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow can You books week vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme
Example 7 The word «pizza» is borrowed from Italian.
det nsubj:pass punct appos punct aux:pass case obl punct root The DET word NOUN « PUNCT pizza NOUN » PUNCT is AUX borrowed VERB from ADP Italian ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 word det 2 word word NOUN Number=Sing 7 borrowed nsubj:pass 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 pizza punct 4 pizza pizza NOUN Number=Sing 2 word appos 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 pizza punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 borrowed aux:pass 7 borrowed borrow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 from from ADP _ 9 Italian case 9 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos 7 borrowed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 borrowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow present · passive the word Italian vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from italian=Source
Example 8 Ask before you borrow something.
mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Ask VERB before SCONJ you PRON borrow VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 before before SCONJ _ 4 borrow mark 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 borrow nsubj 4 borrow borrow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Ask advcl 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 borrow obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 borrow present you something vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme
Example 9 She borrowed her mom's umbrella.
nsubj nmod:poss nmod:poss case obj punct root She PRON borrowed VERB her PRON mom NOUN 's PART umbrella NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 borrowed nsubj 2 borrowed borrow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 mom nmod:poss 4 mom mom NOUN Number=Sing 6 umbrella nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 mom case 6 umbrella umbrella NOUN Number=Sing 2 borrowed obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 borrowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow past She her mom's umbrella vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent umbrella=Theme
Example 10 Return borrowed things in good shape.
nsubj obj case amod obl punct root Return NOUN borrowed VERB things NOUN in ADP good ADJ shape NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Return return NOUN Number=Sing 2 borrowed nsubj 2 borrowed borrow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 borrowed obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 shape case 5 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shape amod 6 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 2 borrowed obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 borrowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow past Return things good shape vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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