bough Who acts: bough, It, people, children, cradle, Snow · What happens: be, say, sit, break, fall, weigh down · To what, where: large main branch, fashioned word, branch, shade, boughs, halls · Speech: someone speaks here
«bough» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bough in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bough is a large, main branch of a tree.
det nsubj cop det amod punct amod case det nmod punct root A DET bough NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ , PUNCT main ADJ branch NOUN of ADP a DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bough det 2 bough bough NOUN Number=Sing 8 branch nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 branch cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 branch det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 8 branch amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 large punct 7 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 8 branch amod 8 branch branch NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 11 tree case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 tree det 11 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 8 branch nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 branch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bough a large main branch of a tree tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is a slightly old-fashioned or poetic word; in everyday talk people usually say «branch».
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det advmod amod punct amod cc conj punct case amod appos nsubj advmod acl:relcl punct obj punct punct root It PRON is AUX a DET slightly ADV old ADJ - PUNCT fashioned ADJ or CCONJ poetic ADJ word NOUN ; PUNCT in ADP everyday ADJ talk NOUN people NOUN usually ADV say VERB « PUNCT branch NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 word nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 word cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 word det 4 slightly slightly ADV _ 7 fashioned advmod 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fashioned amod 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 old punct 7 fashioned fashioned ADJ Degree=Pos 10 word amod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 poetic cc 9 poetic poetic ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fashioned conj 10 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 talk punct 12 in in ADP _ 14 talk case 13 everyday everyday ADJ Degree=Pos 14 talk amod 14 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 10 word appos 15 people people NOUN Number=Plur 17 say nsubj 16 usually usually ADV _ 17 say advmod 17 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 talk acl:relcl 18 « « PUNCT _ 19 branch punct 19 branch branch NOUN Number=Sing 17 say obj 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 branch punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 10 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a fashioned word tree rules 2 say speech: assert present people branch usually property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent branch=Topic
Example 1 The children sat in the shade under the boughs of the oak.
det nsubj case det obl case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET children NOUN sat VERB in ADP the DET shade NOUN under ADP the DET boughs NOUN of ADP the DET oak NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 sat nsubj 3 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 shade case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 shade det 6 shade shade NOUN Number=Sing 3 sat obl 7 under under ADP _ 9 boughs case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 boughs det 9 boughs bough NOUN Number=Plur 3 sat obl 10 of of ADP _ 12 oak case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 oak det 12 oak oak NOUN Number=Sing 9 boughs nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past the children the shade under the boughs of the oak vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shade=Location
Example 2 When the bough breaks, the cradle will fall.
advmod det nsubj advcl punct det nsubj aux punct root When ADV the DET bough NOUN breaks VERB , PUNCT the DET cradle NOUN will AUX fall VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 breaks advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bough det 3 bough bough NOUN Number=Sing 4 breaks nsubj 4 breaks break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 fall advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 breaks punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cradle det 7 cradle cradle NOUN Number=Sing 9 fall nsubj 8 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 fall aux 9 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 fall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present the bough vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 fall future the cradle vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Snow weighed down the boughs of the pine trees.
nsubj compound:prt det obj case det compound nmod punct root Snow NOUN weighed VERB down ADP the DET boughs NOUN of ADP the DET pine NOUN trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 2 weighed nsubj 2 weighed weigh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 weighed compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 boughs det 5 boughs bough NOUN Number=Plur 2 weighed obj 6 of of ADP _ 9 trees case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 trees det 8 pine pine NOUN Number=Sing 9 trees compound 9 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 5 boughs nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 weighed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 weigh down past Snow the boughs of the pine trees vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme bough=Value
Example 4 «Deck the halls with boughs of holly» is a Christmas carol.
punct csubj det obj case obl case nmod punct cop det compound punct root « PUNCT Deck VERB the DET halls NOUN with ADP boughs NOUN of ADP holly NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET Christmas PROPN carol NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Deck punct 2 Deck deck VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 carol csubj 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 halls det 4 halls hall NOUN Number=Plur 2 Deck obj 5 with with ADP _ 6 boughs case 6 boughs bough NOUN Number=Plur 2 Deck obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 holly case 8 holly holly NOUN Number=Sing 6 boughs nmod 9 » » PUNCT _ 2 Deck punct 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 carol cop 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 carol det 12 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 13 carol compound 13 carol carol NOUN Number=Sing root root 14 . . PUNCT _ 13 carol punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 deck in a quote infinitive the halls with boughs of holly vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent hall=Destination with bough=Theme 2 be speech: other present a Christmas carol tree rules
Example 5 A heavy bough fell in the storm and blocked the lane.
det amod nsubj case det obl cc conj det obj punct root A DET heavy ADJ bough NOUN fell VERB in ADP the DET storm NOUN and CCONJ blocked VERB the DET lane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bough det 2 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bough amod 3 bough bough NOUN Number=Sing 4 fell nsubj 4 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 storm case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 storm det 7 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 4 fell obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 blocked cc 9 blocked block VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 fell conj 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 lane det 11 lane lane NOUN Number=Sing 9 blocked obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past a heavy bough the storm vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in storm=Location 2 block past a heavy bough not said here the lane vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer lane=Theme
Example 6 Birds built a nest on the highest bough.
nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root Birds NOUN built VERB a DET nest NOUN on ADP the DET highest ADJ bough NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 2 built nsubj 2 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 nest det 4 nest nest NOUN Number=Sing 2 built obj 5 on on ADP _ 8 bough case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bough det 7 highest high ADJ Degree=Sup 8 bough amod 8 bough bough NOUN Number=Sing 2 built obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past Birds a nest the highest bough vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent nest=Theme on bough=Source
Example 7 Rotten twigs and dry boughs are they all.”
amod nsubj cc amod conj cop nsubj punct punct root Rotten ADJ twigs NOUN and CCONJ dry ADJ boughs NOUN are AUX they PRON all DET . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rotten rotten ADJ Degree=Pos 2 twigs amod 2 twigs twig NOUN Number=Plur 8 all nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 boughs cc 4 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 5 boughs amod 5 boughs bough NOUN Number=Plur 2 twigs conj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 all cop 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 all nsubj 8 all all DET PronType=Tot root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 all punct 10 ” " PUNCT _ 8 all punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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