brakes Who acts: Brakes, that, she, He, you, Wet brakes · What happens: be, slow down, stop, brake, mean, use · To what, where: parts, vehicle, brakes, bike, bus driver, two brakes · Speech: someone speaks here
«brakes» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: brakes in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Brakes are the parts of a bike, car, train or other vehicle that slow it down or stop it.
The tree, 19 words nsubj cop det case det nmod punct conj punct appos cc amod conj nsubj parataxis obj compound:prt cc conj obj punct root Brakes NOUN are AUX the DET parts NOUN of ADP a DET bike NOUN , PUNCT car NOUN , PUNCT train NOUN or CCONJ other ADJ vehicle NOUN that PRON slow VERB it PRON down ADP or CCONJ stop VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 4 parts nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 parts cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 parts det 4 parts part NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 bike case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bike det 7 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 4 parts nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 car punct 9 car car NOUN Number=Sing 7 bike conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 train punct 11 train train NOUN Number=Sing 4 parts appos 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 vehicle cc 13 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 14 vehicle amod 14 vehicle vehicle NOUN Number=Sing 11 train conj 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 slow nsubj 16 slow slow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 train parataxis 17 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 slow obj 18 down down ADP _ 16 slow compound:prt 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 stop cc 20 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 slow conj 21 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 stop obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 parts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Brakes the parts of a bike and car tree rules 2 slow down present that vehicle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient 3 stop infinitive that not said here vehicle vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 He or she brakes means he or she uses the brakes to slow down or stop.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cc nsubj conj nsubj cc conj ccomp det obj mark advcl compound:prt cc conj punct root He PRON or CCONJ she PRON brakes VERB means VERB he PRON or CCONJ she PRON uses VERB the DET brakes NOUN to PART slow VERB down ADP or CCONJ stop VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 means nsubj 2 or or CCONJ _ 4 brakes cc 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 brakes nsubj 4 brakes brake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 He conj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 uses nsubj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 she cc 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 he conj 9 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means ccomp 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 brakes det 11 brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 9 uses obj 12 to to PART _ 13 slow mark 13 slow slow VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 uses advcl 14 down down ADP _ 13 slow compound:prt 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 stop cc 16 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 slow conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brake present she tree rules 2 mean present He vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 use present he the brakes vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brake=Patient 4 slow down to-infinitive he not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 5 stop infinitive he not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 1 Check your brakes before you ride your bike.
nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Check VERB your PRON brakes NOUN before SCONJ you PRON ride VERB your PRON bike NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brakes nmod:poss 3 brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 1 Check obj 4 before before SCONJ _ 6 ride mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 ride nsubj 6 ride ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Check advcl 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 bike nmod:poss 8 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 6 ride obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check imperative you not said here your brakes vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brake=Theme 2 ride present you your bike vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme
Example 2 The bus driver slammed on the brakes.
det compound acl case det obl punct root The DET bus NOUN driver NOUN slammed VERB on ADP the DET brakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 driver det 2 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 3 driver compound 3 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 slammed slam VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 driver acl 5 on on ADP _ 7 brakes case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 brakes det 7 brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 4 slammed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 driver punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slam participle the bus driver not said here the brakes vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Wet brakes take longer to stop the bike.
amod nsubj advmod mark advcl det obj punct root Wet ADJ brakes NOUN take VERB longer ADV to PART stop VERB the DET bike NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 2 brakes amod 2 brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 3 take nsubj 3 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 3 take advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 stop mark 6 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 take advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bike det 8 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 6 stop obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present Wet brakes long property vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 stop to-infinitive Wet brakes not said here the bike vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality bike=Eventuality
Example 4 The car brakes squealed at the crossing.
det nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root The DET car NOUN brakes VERB squealed VERB at ADP the DET crossing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 brakes nsubj 3 brakes brake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 squealed squeal VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 brakes xcomp 5 at at ADP _ 7 crossing case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 crossing det 7 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 4 squealed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 brakes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brake present the car tree rules 2 squeal participle the car not said here at the crossing vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at crossing=Stimulus
Example 5 My bike has two brakes on the handlebars.
nmod:poss nsubj nummod obj case det nmod punct root My PRON bike NOUN has VERB two NUM brakes NOUN on ADP the DET handlebars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 bike nmod:poss 2 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 brakes nummod 5 brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 handlebars case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 handlebars det 8 handlebars handlebar NOUN Number=Plur 5 brakes nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present My bike two brakes the handlebars vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brake=Patient
Example 6 Brakes use friction to slow the wheels down.
nsubj obj mark advcl det obj advmod punct root Brakes NOUN use VERB friction NOUN to PART slow VERB the DET wheels NOUN down ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 slow mark 5 slow slow VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wheels det 7 wheels wheel NOUN Number=Plur 5 slow obj 8 down down ADV _ 5 slow advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Brakes friction vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friction=Patient 2 slow down to-infinitive Brakes not said here the wheels down property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent wheel=Patient
Example 7 She brakes gently when going downhill.
nsubj advmod advmod advcl advmod punct root She PRON brakes VERB gently ADV when ADV going VERB downhill ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 brakes nsubj 2 brakes brake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 gently gently ADV _ 2 brakes advmod 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 going advmod 5 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 brakes advcl 6 downhill downhill ADV _ 5 going advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 brakes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brake present She gently property tree rules 2 go gerund She not said here downhill property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 The train's brakes hissed as it stopped.
det nmod:poss case nsubj mark nsubj advcl punct root The DET train NOUN 's PART brakes NOUN hissed VERB as SCONJ it PRON stopped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 train det 2 train train NOUN Number=Sing 4 brakes nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 train case 4 brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 5 hissed nsubj 5 hissed hiss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 as as SCONJ _ 8 stopped mark 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 stopped nsubj 8 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 hissed advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 hissed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hiss past the train's brakes vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 stop past train vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 9 He held on savagely, and stuck out his feet to act as brakes on the dark slope of the hot, moist earth.
The tree, 22 words nsubj compound:prt advmod punct cc parataxis compound:prt nmod:poss obj mark advcl case obl case det amod nmod case det amod punct amod nmod punct root He PRON held VERB on ADP savagely ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ stuck VERB out ADP his PRON feet NOUN to PART act VERB as ADP brakes NOUN on ADP the DET dark ADJ slope NOUN of ADP the DET hot ADJ , PUNCT moist ADJ earth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 held nsubj 2 held hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 2 held compound:prt 4 savagely savagely ADV _ 2 held advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 stuck punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 stuck cc 7 stuck stick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 held parataxis 8 out out ADP _ 7 stuck compound:prt 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 feet nmod:poss 10 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 7 stuck obj 11 to to PART _ 12 act mark 12 act act VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 stuck advcl 13 as as ADP _ 14 brakes case 14 brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 12 act obl 15 on on ADP _ 18 slope case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 slope det 17 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 18 slope amod 18 slope slope NOUN Number=Sing 14 brakes nmod 19 of of ADP _ 24 earth case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 earth det 21 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 24 earth amod 22 , , PUNCT _ 21 hot punct 23 moist moist ADJ Degree=Pos 24 earth amod 24 earth earth NOUN Number=Sing 18 slope nmod 25 . . PUNCT _ 2 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold on past He savagely property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 stick out past his feet vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent foot=Theme 3 act to-infinitive as brakes on the dark slope of the hot moist earth vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as brake=Attribute
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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