breakdown Who acts: machine, car, something, list, someone, We · What happens: stop, work, have, fail, end, show · To what, where: breakdown, motorway, talks, separate parts, smaller parts, ball
«breakdown» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: breakdown in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 When a machine or vehicle stops working: our car had a breakdown on the motorway.
The tree, 15 words mark det nsubj cc conj xcomp punct nmod:poss nsubj conj det obj case det obl punct root When SCONJ a DET machine NOUN or CCONJ vehicle NOUN stops VERB working VERB : PUNCT our PRON car NOUN had VERB a DET breakdown NOUN on ADP the DET motorway NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 6 stops mark 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 machine det 3 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 6 stops nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 vehicle cc 5 vehicle vehicle NOUN Number=Sing 3 machine conj 6 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 stops xcomp 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 had punct 9 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 car nmod:poss 10 car car NOUN Number=Sing 11 had nsubj 11 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 stops conj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 breakdown det 13 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing 11 had obj 14 on on ADP _ 16 motorway case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 motorway det 16 motorway motorway NOUN Number=Sing 11 had obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 stops punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present a machine or vehicle vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 work gerund a machine or vehicle not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 have past our car a breakdown the motorway vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breakdown=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 When something fails or ends: a breakdown in talks.
mark nsubj advcl cc punct det obj case nmod punct root When SCONJ something PRON fails VERB or CCONJ ends VERB : PUNCT a DET breakdown NOUN in ADP talks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 3 fails mark 2 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 fails nsubj 3 fails fail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 ends advcl 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 ends cc 5 ends end VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 breakdown punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 breakdown det 8 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing 5 ends obj 9 in in ADP _ 10 talks case 10 talks talk NOUN Number=Plur 8 breakdown nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 ends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fail present something vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 end present a breakdown talks vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality breakdown=Eventuality
Meaning 3 A list that shows the separate parts of a total: a breakdown of the costs.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj nsubj det amod obj case det nmod punct det parataxis case det nmod punct root A DET list NOUN that PRON shows VERB the DET separate ADJ parts NOUN of ADP a DET total NOUN : PUNCT a DET breakdown NOUN of ADP the DET costs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 list det 2 list list NOUN Number=Sing 4 shows nsubj 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 shows nsubj 4 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 parts det 6 separate separate ADJ Degree=Pos 7 parts amod 7 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 4 shows obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 total case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 total det 10 total total NOUN Number=Sing 7 parts nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 13 breakdown punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 breakdown det 13 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing 4 shows parataxis 14 of of ADP _ 16 costs case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 costs det 16 costs cost NOUN Number=Plur 13 breakdown nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present a list the separate parts of a total vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent part=Recipient
Meaning 4 Usage: euphemism, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A nervous breakdown: a time when someone becomes very ill with stress and cannot cope.
The tree, 16 words det amod punct det conj mark nsubj advcl advmod xcomp case obl cc aux advmod conj punct root A DET nervous ADJ breakdown NOUN : PUNCT a DET time NOUN when SCONJ someone PRON becomes VERB very ADV ill ADJ with ADP stress NOUN and CCONJ can AUX not PART cope VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 breakdown det 2 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos 3 breakdown amod 3 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 time punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 time det 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 breakdown conj 7 when when SCONJ _ 9 becomes mark 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 becomes nsubj 9 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 time advcl 10 very very ADV _ 11 ill advmod 11 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 9 becomes xcomp 12 with with ADP _ 13 stress case 13 stress stress NOUN Number=Sing 11 ill obl 14 and and CCONJ _ 17 cope cc 15 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 17 cope aux 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 17 cope advmod 17 cope cope VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 becomes conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 breakdown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become present someone ill property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 not cope can someone not said here vn cope-83-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
The splitting of a substance into smaller parts: the breakdown of food.
det case det obl case amod obl punct det appos case nmod punct root The DET splitting VERB of ADP a DET substance NOUN into ADP smaller ADJ parts NOUN : PUNCT the DET breakdown NOUN of ADP food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 splitting det 2 splitting split VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 substance case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 substance det 5 substance substance NOUN Number=Sing 2 splitting obl 6 into into ADP _ 8 parts case 7 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 parts amod 8 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 2 splitting obl 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 breakdown punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 breakdown det 11 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing 8 parts appos 12 of of ADP _ 13 food case 13 food food NOUN Number=Sing 11 breakdown nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 splitting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 split gerund into smaller parts result ; of a substance vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into part=Result
Example 1 We waited an hour for the breakdown truck.
nsubj det obl:unmarked case det compound obl punct root We PRON waited VERB an DET hour NOUN for ADP the DET breakdown NOUN truck NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 waited nsubj 2 waited wait VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 hour det 4 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 2 waited obl:unmarked 5 for for ADP _ 8 truck case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 truck det 7 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing 8 truck compound 8 truck truck NOUN Number=Sing 2 waited obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 waited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wait past We hour for the breakdown truck vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Here is a breakdown of the trip's costs: coach 200, tickets 150, lunch 50.
The tree, 15 words cop det nsubj case det nmod:poss case nmod punct conj flat punct conj flat punct conj flat punct root Here ADV is AUX a DET breakdown NOUN of ADP the DET trip NOUN 's PART costs NOUN : PUNCT coach NOUN 200 NUM , PUNCT tickets NOUN 150 NUM , PUNCT lunch NOUN 50 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Here here ADV PronType=Dem root root 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Here cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 breakdown det 4 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing 1 Here nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 9 costs case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trip det 7 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 9 costs nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 trip case 9 costs cost NOUN Number=Plur 4 breakdown nmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 11 coach punct 11 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 9 costs conj 12 200 200 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 coach flat 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 tickets punct 14 tickets ticket NOUN Number=Plur 11 coach conj 15 150 150 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 tickets flat 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 lunch punct 17 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 11 coach conj 18 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 17 lunch flat 19 . . PUNCT _ 1 Here punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a breakdown of the trip's costs and coach and tickets and lunch here property tree rules 2 cost the trip nom cost «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Enzymes help the breakdown of food in the stomach.
nsubj det obj case nmod case det nmod punct root Enzymes NOUN help VERB the DET breakdown NOUN of ADP food NOUN in ADP the DET stomach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Enzymes enzyme NOUN Number=Plur 2 help nsubj 2 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 breakdown det 4 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing 2 help obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 food case 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 4 breakdown nmod 7 in in ADP _ 9 stomach case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 stomach det 9 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 6 food nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Enzymes the breakdown of food in the stomach vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breakdown=Beneficiary
Example 4 There was a breakdown in communication, so nobody brought the ball.
expl det nsubj case nmod punct advmod nsubj conj det obj punct root There PRON was VERB a DET breakdown NOUN in ADP communication NOUN , PUNCT so ADV nobody PRON brought VERB the DET ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 breakdown det 4 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 6 communication case 6 communication communication NOUN Number=Sing 4 breakdown nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 brought punct 8 so so ADV _ 10 brought advmod 9 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 10 brought nsubj 10 brought bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 was conj 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 ball det 12 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 10 brought obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a breakdown in communication there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 bring past nobody the ball vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent ball=Theme
Example 5 (euphemism) After months of stress, he had a breakdown and took time off work.
The tree, 14 words punct nsubj punct case nmod case nmod punct nsubj det obj cc conj obj case obl punct root ( PUNCT euphemism NOUN ) PUNCT After ADP months NOUN of ADP stress NOUN , PUNCT he PRON had VERB a DET breakdown NOUN and CCONJ took VERB time NOUN off ADP work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 euphemism punct 2 euphemism euphemism NOUN Number=Sing 10 had nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 euphemism punct 4 After after ADP _ 5 months case 5 months month NOUN Number=Plur 2 euphemism nmod 6 of of ADP _ 7 stress case 7 stress stress NOUN Number=Sing 5 months nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 2 euphemism punct 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 had nsubj 10 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 breakdown det 12 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing 10 had obj 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 took cc 14 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 had conj 15 time time NOUN Number=Sing 14 took obj 16 off off ADP _ 17 work case 17 work work NOUN Number=Sing 14 took obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 10 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past euphemism after months of stress a breakdown vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breakdown=Patient 2 take past euphemism after months of stress not said here work time vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent off work=Initial_Location
Example 6 If the car has a breakdown on a motorway, everyone gets out and waits behind the barrier.
The tree, 17 words mark det nsubj advcl det obj case det nmod punct nsubj compound:prt cc conj case det obl punct root If SCONJ the DET car NOUN has VERB a DET breakdown NOUN on ADP a DET motorway NOUN , PUNCT everyone PRON gets VERB out ADP and CCONJ waits VERB behind ADP the DET barrier NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 has mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 car det 3 car car NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 gets advcl 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 breakdown det 6 breakdown breakdown NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 motorway case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 motorway det 9 motorway motorway NOUN Number=Sing 6 breakdown nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 4 has punct 11 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 12 gets nsubj 12 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 13 out out ADP _ 12 gets compound:prt 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 waits cc 15 waits wait VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 gets conj 16 behind behind ADP _ 18 barrier case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 barrier det 18 barrier barrier NOUN Number=Sing 15 waits obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 12 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have a condition, not said to happen present the car a breakdown a motorway vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breakdown=Patient 2 get out present everyone vn withdraw-82-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 wait present everyone not said here the barrier vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind barrier=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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