buffer Who acts: railway track, area, solution, video, train, Trees · What happens: protect, soften, store, buffer, be, load · To what, where: one thing, hit, crash, data, acidity, buffers · Speech: someone speaks here
«buffer» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: buffer in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Something that protects one thing from another or softens a hit or shock.
nsubj acl:relcl nummod obj case obl cc conj det obj cc conj punct root Something PRON that PRON protects VERB one NUM thing NOUN from ADP another DET or CCONJ softens VERB a DET hit NOUN or CCONJ shock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 3 protects nsubj 3 protects protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Something acl:relcl 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 thing nummod 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 3 protects obj 6 from from ADP _ 7 another case 7 another another DET PronType=Ind 3 protects obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 softens cc 9 softens soften VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 protects conj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 hit det 11 hit hit NOUN Number=Sing 9 softens obj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 shock cc 13 shock shock NOUN Number=Sing 11 hit conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present one thing from another vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent thing=Beneficiary from another=Theme 2 soften present a hit or shock vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hit=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Springs or pads on the end of a train or at the end of a railway track that soften a crash.
The tree, 21 words cc conj case det nmod case det nmod cc case det conj case det compound nmod nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root Springs NOUN or CCONJ pads NOUN on ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP a DET train NOUN or CCONJ at ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP a DET railway NOUN track NOUN that PRON soften VERB a DET crash NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Springs spring NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 pads cc 3 pads pad NOUN Number=Plur 1 Springs conj 4 on on ADP _ 6 end case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 end det 6 end end NOUN Number=Sing 1 Springs nmod 7 of of ADP _ 9 train case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 train det 9 train train NOUN Number=Sing 6 end nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 end cc 11 at at ADP _ 13 end case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 end det 13 end end NOUN Number=Sing 9 train conj 14 of of ADP _ 17 track case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 track det 16 railway railway NOUN Number=Sing 17 track compound 17 track track NOUN Number=Sing 13 end nmod 18 that that PRON PronType=Rel 19 soften nsubj 19 soften soften VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 track acl:relcl 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 crash det 21 crash crash NOUN Number=Sing 19 soften obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 1 Springs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 soften present a railway track a crash vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent crash=Patient
Meaning 3 Usage: computing — kept apart, not parsed.
An area of memory where data is stored for a short time; «buffering» is when a video waits to load.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj case nmod advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl case det amod obl punct punct acl punct cop mark det nsubj mark xcomp punct root An DET area NOUN of ADP memory NOUN where ADV data NOUN is AUX stored VERB for ADP a DET short ADJ time NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT buffering VERB » PUNCT is AUX when SCONJ a DET video NOUN waits VERB to PART load VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 area det 2 area area NOUN Number=Sing 21 waits nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 memory case 4 memory memory NOUN Number=Sing 2 area nmod 5 where where ADV PronType=Rel 8 stored advmod 6 data data NOUN Number=Sing 8 stored nsubj:pass 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 stored aux:pass 8 stored store VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 memory acl:relcl 9 for for ADP _ 12 time case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 time det 11 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 12 time amod 12 time time NOUN Number=Sing 8 stored obl 13 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 buffering punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 buffering punct 15 buffering buffer VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 area acl 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 buffering punct 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 waits cop 18 when when SCONJ _ 21 waits mark 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 video det 20 video video NOUN Number=Sing 21 waits nsubj 21 waits wait VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 22 to to PART _ 23 load mark 23 load load VERB VerbForm=Inf 21 waits xcomp 24 . . PUNCT _ 21 waits punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 store present · passive data time vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 buffer in a quote gerund a area of memory not said here tree rules 3 is present a area of memory wait property tree rules 4 load to-infinitive a area of memory not said here vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A solution that keeps acidity (pH) from changing much.
det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct appos punct mark advcl advmod punct root A DET solution NOUN that PRON keeps VERB acidity NOUN ( PUNCT pH NOUN ) PUNCT from SCONJ changing VERB much ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 solution det 2 solution solution NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 keeps nsubj 4 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 solution acl:relcl 5 acidity acidity NOUN Number=Sing 4 keeps obj 6 ( ( PUNCT _ 7 pH punct 7 pH ph NOUN Number=Sing 5 acidity appos 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 pH punct 9 from from SCONJ _ 10 changing mark 10 changing change VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 keeps advcl 11 much much ADV _ 10 changing advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 solution punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present a solution acidity vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent acidity=Theme 2 change gerund a solution not said here vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 Usage: UK, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
An old-fashioned man, often silly: «an old buffer».
The tree, 9 words det amod punct amod nsubj punct advmod punct punct det amod parataxis punct punct root An DET old ADJ - PUNCT fashioned ADJ man NOUN , PUNCT often ADV silly ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT an DET old ADJ buffer NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 man det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 fashioned amod 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 old punct 4 fashioned fashioned ADJ Degree=Pos 5 man amod 5 man man NOUN Number=Sing 8 silly nsubj 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 silly punct 7 often often ADV _ 8 silly advmod 8 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 : : PUNCT _ 13 buffer punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 13 buffer punct 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 buffer det 12 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 13 buffer amod 13 buffer buffer NOUN Number=Sing 8 silly parataxis 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 buffer punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 silly punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 The video keeps buffering.
det nsubj xcomp punct root The DET video NOUN keeps VERB buffering VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 video det 2 video video NOUN Number=Sing 3 keeps nsubj 3 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 buffering buffer VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 keeps xcomp 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present the video tree rules 2 buffer gerund the video not said here tree rules
Example 2 The train hit the buffers at the end of the line.
det nsubj det obj case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET train NOUN hit VERB the DET buffers NOUN at ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP the DET line NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 train det 2 train train NOUN Number=Sing 3 hit nsubj 3 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 buffers det 5 buffers buffer NOUN Number=Plur 3 hit obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 end case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 end det 8 end end NOUN Number=Sing 3 hit obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 line case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 line det 11 line line NOUN Number=Sing 8 end nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 hit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hit past the train the buffers at the end of the line vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent buffer=Theme at end=Destination
Example 3 Trees act as a buffer against wind and noise.
nsubj case det obl case nmod cc conj punct root Trees NOUN act VERB as ADP a DET buffer NOUN against ADP wind NOUN and CCONJ noise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 2 act nsubj 2 act act VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 as as ADP _ 5 buffer case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 buffer det 5 buffer buffer NOUN Number=Sing 2 act obl 6 against against ADP _ 7 wind case 7 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 5 buffer nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 noise cc 9 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 7 wind conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 act punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 act present Trees as a buffer against wind and noise vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as buffer=Attribute
Example 4 The UN keeps a buffer zone between the two armies.
det nsubj det compound obj case det nummod nmod punct root The DET UN PROPN keeps VERB a DET buffer NOUN zone NOUN between ADP the DET two NUM armies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 UN det 2 UN UN PROPN Number=Sing 3 keeps nsubj 3 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 zone det 5 buffer buffer NOUN Number=Sing 6 zone compound 6 zone zone NOUN Number=Sing 3 keeps obj 7 between between ADP _ 10 armies case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 armies det 9 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 armies nummod 10 armies army NOUN Number=Plur 6 zone nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present the UN a buffer zone the two armies vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent zone=Theme between army=Location
Example 5 Savings are a buffer against hard times.
nsubj cop det case amod nmod punct root Savings NOUN are AUX a DET buffer NOUN against ADP hard ADJ times NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Savings savings NOUN Number=Ptan 4 buffer nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 buffer cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 buffer det 4 buffer buffer NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 against against ADP _ 7 times case 6 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 times amod 7 times time NOUN Number=Plur 4 buffer nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 buffer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Savings a buffer time tree rules
Example 6 The old buffer next door tells long stories.
det amod nsubj amod nmod amod obj punct root The DET old ADJ buffer NOUN next ADJ door NOUN tells VERB long ADJ stories NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 buffer det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 buffer amod 3 buffer buffer NOUN Number=Sing 6 tells nsubj 4 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 5 door amod 5 door door NOUN Number=Sing 3 buffer nmod 6 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 stories amod 8 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 6 tells obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present the old buffer next door long stories vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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