buffalo Who acts: buffalo, People, scientists, bison, herd, Water buffalo · What happens: be, curve, call, say, cross, pull · To what, where: large wild animal, American bison, correct name, city, York State, river · Speech: someone speaks here
«buffalo» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: buffalo in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A buffalo is a large wild or farmed animal of the cattle family with big curved horns, such as the African buffalo (Cape buffalo) or the water buffalo of Asia.
The tree, 30 words det nsubj cop det amod amod cc conj case det amod nmod case amod amod nmod punct case fixed det amod conj punct compound appos punct cc det compound conj case nmod punct root A DET buffalo NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ wild ADJ or CCONJ farmed ADJ animal NOUN of ADP the DET cattle ADJ family NOUN with ADP big ADJ curved VERB horns NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP the DET African ADJ buffalo NOUN ( PUNCT Cape PROPN buffalo NOUN ) PUNCT or CCONJ the DET water NOUN buffalo NOUN of ADP Asia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 buffalo det 2 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 9 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 animal det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 9 animal amod 6 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 9 animal amod 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 farmed cc 8 farmed farmed ADJ Degree=Pos 6 wild conj 9 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 of of ADP _ 13 family case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 family det 12 cattle cattle ADJ Degree=Pos 13 family amod 13 family family NOUN Number=Sing 9 animal nmod 14 with with ADP _ 17 horns case 15 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 17 horns amod 16 curved curve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 horns amod 17 horns horn NOUN Number=Plur 13 family nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 23 buffalo punct 19 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 23 buffalo case 20 as as ADP _ 19 such fixed 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 buffalo det 22 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 23 buffalo amod 23 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 17 horns conj 24 ( ( PUNCT _ 26 buffalo punct 25 Cape Cape PROPN Number=Sing 26 buffalo compound 26 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 23 buffalo appos 27 ) ) PUNCT _ 26 buffalo punct 28 or or CCONJ _ 31 buffalo cc 29 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 31 buffalo det 30 water water NOUN Number=Sing 31 buffalo compound 31 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 17 horns conj 32 of of ADP _ 33 Asia case 33 Asia Asia PROPN Number=Sing 31 buffalo nmod 34 . . PUNCT _ 9 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a buffalo a large wild animal of the cattle family with big curved horns and the African buffalo or the water buffalo of Asia tree rules 2 curve participle vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: North America — kept apart, not parsed.
People often call the American bison a buffalo, though scientists say bison is the correct name.
The tree, 16 words nsubj advmod det amod obj det xcomp punct mark nsubj parataxis nsubj cop det amod ccomp punct root People NOUN often ADV call VERB the DET American ADJ bison NOUN a DET buffalo NOUN , PUNCT though SCONJ scientists NOUN say VERB bison NOUN is AUX the DET correct ADJ name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 3 call nsubj 2 often often ADV _ 3 call advmod 3 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bison det 5 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bison amod 6 bison bison NOUN Number=Sing 3 call obj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 buffalo det 8 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 3 call xcomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 say punct 10 though though SCONJ _ 12 say mark 11 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 12 say nsubj 12 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 call parataxis 13 bison bison NOUN Number=Sing 17 name nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 name cop 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 name det 16 correct correct ADJ Degree=Pos 17 name amod 17 name name NOUN Number=Sing 12 say ccomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 call punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call speech: assert present People the American bison often property vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bison=Recipient 2 say speech: assert present scientists vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 is a present bison the correct name tree rules
Meaning 3 Buffalo is a city in New York State, USA (a name).
The tree, 11 words nsubj cop det case flat compound nmod punct nmod punct det appos punct punct root Buffalo NOUN is AUX a DET city NOUN in ADP New PROPN York PROPN State PROPN , PUNCT USA PROPN ( PUNCT a DET name NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 4 city nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 city cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 city det 4 city city NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 in in ADP _ 8 State case 6 New New PROPN Number=Sing 7 York flat 7 York York PROPN Number=Sing 8 State compound 8 State State PROPN Number=Sing 4 city nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 USA punct 10 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 4 city nmod 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 name punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 name det 13 name name NOUN Number=Sing 10 USA appos 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 name punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 city punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Buffalo a city York State USA nmod tree rules
Example 1 A herd of buffalo crossed the river.
det nsubj case nmod det obj punct root A DET herd NOUN of ADP buffalo NOUN crossed VERB the DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 herd det 2 herd herd NOUN Number=Sing 5 crossed nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 buffalo case 4 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 2 herd nmod 5 crossed cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 river det 7 river river NOUN Number=Sing 5 crossed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 crossed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross past a herd of buffalo the river vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient
Example 2 Water buffalo pull ploughs in the rice fields.
compound nsubj obj case det compound obl punct root Water NOUN buffalo NOUN pull VERB ploughs NOUN in ADP the DET rice NOUN fields NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 buffalo compound 2 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 3 pull nsubj 3 pull pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ploughs plough NOUN Number=Plur 3 pull obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 fields case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 fields det 7 rice rice NOUN Number=Sing 8 fields compound 8 fields field NOUN Number=Plur 3 pull obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 pull punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull present Water buffalo ploughs the rice fields vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plough=Theme
Example 3 The Plains peoples used every part of the buffalo.
det compound nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root The DET Plains PROPN peoples NOUN used VERB every DET part NOUN of ADP the DET buffalo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 peoples det 2 Plains Plain PROPN Number=Plur 3 peoples compound 3 peoples people NOUN Number=Plur 4 used nsubj 4 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 part det 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing 4 used obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 buffalo case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 buffalo det 9 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past the Plains peoples every part of the buffalo vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient
Example 4 The African buffalo is one of the Big Five animals.
det amod nsubj cop case det nmod:unmarked nummod nmod punct root The DET African ADJ buffalo NOUN is AUX one NUM of ADP the DET Big PROPN Five NUM animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 buffalo det 2 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 3 buffalo amod 3 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 5 one nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 one cop 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 of of ADP _ 10 animals case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 animals det 8 Big Big PROPN Number=Sing 9 Five nmod:unmarked 9 Five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 animals nummod 10 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 one nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the African buffalo one of the Five animals tree rules
Example 5 Real mozzarella is made with buffalo milk.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound obl punct root Real ADJ mozzarella NOUN is AUX made VERB with ADP buffalo NOUN milk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Real real ADJ Degree=Pos 2 mozzarella amod 2 mozzarella mozzarella NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 milk case 6 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 7 milk compound 7 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Real mozzarella with buffalo milk vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 6 The bison is often called a buffalo in America.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod det xcomp case obl punct root The DET bison NOUN is AUX often ADV called VERB a DET buffalo NOUN in ADP America PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bison det 2 bison bison NOUN Number=Sing 5 called nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 called aux:pass 4 often often ADV _ 5 called advmod 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 buffalo det 7 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 8 in in ADP _ 9 America case 9 America America PROPN Number=Sing 5 called obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive the bison America often property vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 7 We ate buffalo wings at a party — it's chicken, not buffalo!
The tree, 12 words nsubj compound obj case det obl punct nsubj cop parataxis punct advmod conj punct root We PRON ate VERB buffalo NOUN wings NOUN at ADP a DET party NOUN — PUNCT it PRON 's AUX chicken NOUN , PUNCT not PART buffalo NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 ate nsubj 2 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 4 wings compound 4 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 2 ate obj 5 at at ADP _ 7 party case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 party det 7 party party NOUN Number=Sing 2 ate obl 8 — - PUNCT _ 11 chicken punct 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 chicken nsubj 10 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 chicken cop 11 chicken chicken NOUN Number=Sing 2 ate parataxis 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 buffalo punct 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 buffalo advmod 14 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 11 chicken conj 15 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past We buffalo wings a party vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient 2 is a present party chicken and buffalo tree rules
Example 8 It darted into the skull of the foremost buffalo.
nsubj case det obl case det amod nmod punct root It PRON darted VERB into ADP the DET skull NOUN of ADP the DET foremost ADJ buffalo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 darted nsubj 2 darted dart VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 into into ADP _ 5 skull case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 skull det 5 skull skull NOUN Number=Sing 2 darted obl 6 of of ADP _ 9 buffalo case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 buffalo det 8 foremost foremost ADJ Degree=Pos 9 buffalo amod 9 buffalo buffalo NOUN Number=Sing 5 skull nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 darted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dart past It the skull of the foremost buffalo vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into skull=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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