buff Who acts: buff, person, cloth, uncle, Dad, shoes · What happens: be, know, love, buff, rub, shine · To what, where: person, lot, pale brown colour, something, strong big muscles, buff · Speech: someone speaks here
«buff» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: buff in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A buff is a person who knows and loves a lot about one subject: «a film buff», «a history buff».
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl cc conj det obj case nummod nmod punct punct det compound appos punct punct punct det compound conj punct punct root A DET buff NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON knows VERB and CCONJ loves VERB a DET lot NOUN about ADP one NUM subject NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET film NOUN buff NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT a DET history NOUN buff NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 buff det 2 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 knows nsubj 7 knows know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 loves cc 9 loves love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 knows conj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 lot det 11 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 9 loves obj 12 about about ADP _ 14 subject case 13 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 subject nummod 14 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 11 lot nmod 15 : : PUNCT _ 19 buff punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 19 buff punct 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 buff det 18 film film NOUN Number=Sing 19 buff compound 19 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 5 person appos 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 buff punct 21 , , PUNCT _ 25 buff punct 22 « « PUNCT _ 25 buff punct 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 buff det 24 history history NOUN Number=Sing 25 buff compound 25 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 5 person conj 26 » » PUNCT _ 25 buff punct 27 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a buff a person and a history buff tree rules 2 know present a person and a history buff vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 love present a person and a history buff not said here a lot about one subject vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lot=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Buff is a pale yellow-brown colour, like light leather.
nsubj cop det amod amod punct amod punct case compound conj punct root Buff NOUN is AUX a DET pale ADJ yellow ADJ - PUNCT brown ADJ colour NOUN , PUNCT like ADP light NOUN leather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 8 colour nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 colour cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 colour det 4 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 8 colour amod 5 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 7 brown amod 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 yellow punct 7 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 8 colour amod 8 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 leather punct 10 like like ADP _ 12 leather case 11 light light NOUN Number=Sing 12 leather compound 12 leather leather NOUN Number=Sing 8 colour conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 colour punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Buff a pale brown colour and light leather tree rules
Meaning 3 To buff something is to polish it by rubbing with a soft cloth until it shines.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj mark advcl case det amod obl mark nsubj advcl punct root To PART buff VERB something PRON is AUX to PART polish VERB it PRON by SCONJ rubbing VERB with ADP a DET soft ADJ cloth NOUN until SCONJ it PRON shines VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 buff mark 2 buff buff VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 polish advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 buff obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 polish cop 5 to to PART _ 6 polish mark 6 polish polish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 polish obj 8 by by SCONJ _ 9 rubbing mark 9 rubbing rub VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 polish advcl 10 with with ADP _ 13 cloth case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 cloth det 12 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 13 cloth amod 13 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 9 rubbing obl 14 until until SCONJ _ 16 shines mark 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 shines nsubj 16 shines shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 rubbing advcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 polish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buff to-infinitive something vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 is present polish property tree rules 3 rub gerund with a soft cloth vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with cloth=Theme 4 shine present cloth vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.
Buff means having strong, big muscles: «He's really buff».
The tree, 10 words nsubj xcomp amod punct amod obj punct punct nsubj cop advmod parataxis punct punct root Buff NOUN means VERB having VERB strong ADJ , PUNCT big ADJ muscles NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT He PRON 's AUX really ADV buff NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 7 muscles amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 strong punct 6 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 muscles amod 7 muscles muscle NOUN Number=Plur 3 having obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 13 buff punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 13 buff punct 10 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 buff nsubj 11 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 buff cop 12 really really ADV _ 13 buff advmod 13 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 buff punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Buff vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have not said to happen gerund Buff not said here strong big muscles vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Patient 3 is a in a quote present Buff buff tree rules
Meaning 5 Usage: UK slang — kept apart, not parsed.
Buff can mean good-looking.
nsubj aux amod punct ccomp punct root Buff NOUN can AUX mean VERB good ADJ - PUNCT looking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 6 looking amod 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 good punct 6 looking look VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 mean ccomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Buff vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 look gerund vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Meaning 6 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
In the buff means with no clothes on.
case det nsubj case det obl advmod punct root In ADP the DET buff NOUN means VERB with ADP no DET clothes NOUN on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 buff case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 buff det 3 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 clothes case 6 no no DET PronType=Neg 7 clothes det 7 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 4 means obl 8 on on ADV _ 4 means advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the buff with no clothes vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 7 In games, a buff makes a character stronger; to buff is to make stronger.
The tree, 14 words case obl punct det nsubj det obj xcomp punct mark nsubj cop mark conj xcomp punct root In ADP games NOUN , PUNCT a DET buff NOUN makes VERB a DET character NOUN stronger ADJ ; PUNCT to PART buff NOUN is AUX to PART make VERB stronger ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 games case 2 games game NOUN Number=Plur 6 makes obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 games punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 buff det 5 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 6 makes nsubj 6 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 character det 8 character character NOUN Number=Sing 6 makes obj 9 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 makes xcomp 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 make punct 11 to to PART _ 12 buff mark 12 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 15 make nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 make cop 14 to to PART _ 15 make mark 15 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 makes conj 16 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 15 make xcomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a buff a character games strong property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset character=Product 2 is present buff make, strong property tree rules
Meaning 8 Blindman's buff is a party game in which one player is blindfolded and tries to catch the others.
The tree, 19 words nmod:poss case nsubj cop det compound case obl compound nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl cc conj mark xcomp det obj punct root Blindman PROPN 's PART buff NOUN is AUX a DET party NOUN game NOUN in ADP which PRON one NOUN player NOUN is AUX blindfolded VERB and CCONJ tries VERB to PART catch VERB the DET others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Blindman Blindman PROPN Number=Sing 3 buff nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Blindman case 3 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 7 game nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 game cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 game det 6 party party NOUN Number=Sing 7 game compound 7 game game NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 9 which case 9 which which PRON PronType=Rel 13 blindfolded obl 10 one one NOUN Number=Sing 11 player compound 11 player player NOUN Number=Sing 13 blindfolded nsubj:pass 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 blindfolded aux:pass 13 blindfolded blindfold VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 game acl:relcl 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 tries cc 15 tries try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 blindfolded conj 16 to to PART _ 17 catch mark 17 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 tries xcomp 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 others det 19 others other NOUN Number=Plur 17 catch obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 game punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Blindman's buff a party game tree rules 2 blindfold present · passive one player a party game vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination 3 try present vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 catch not said to happen to-infinitive the others vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Theme
Example 1 My uncle is a real train buff.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det amod compound punct root My PRON uncle NOUN is AUX a DET real ADJ train NOUN buff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 uncle nmod:poss 2 uncle uncle NOUN Number=Sing 7 buff nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 buff cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 buff det 5 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 7 buff amod 6 train train NOUN Number=Sing 7 buff compound 7 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 buff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My uncle a real train buff tree rules
Example 2 Dad buffed his shoes until they shone.
nsubj nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl punct root Dad NOUN buffed VERB his PRON shoes NOUN until SCONJ they PRON shone VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 buffed nsubj 2 buffed buff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 shoes nmod:poss 4 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 2 buffed obj 5 until until SCONJ _ 7 shone mark 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 shone nsubj 7 shone shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 buffed advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 buffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buff past Dad Dad's shoes vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme 2 shine past shoes = shoe vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The envelope was a pale buff colour.
det nsubj cop det amod compound punct root The DET envelope NOUN was AUX a DET pale ADJ buff NOUN colour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 envelope det 2 envelope envelope NOUN Number=Sing 7 colour nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 colour cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 colour det 5 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 7 colour amod 6 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 7 colour compound 7 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 colour punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the envelope a pale buff colour tree rules
Example 4 After months at the gym, he got really buff.
case obl case det nmod punct nsubj advmod obj punct root After ADP months NOUN at ADP the DET gym NOUN , PUNCT he PRON got VERB really ADV buff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 2 months case 2 months month NOUN Number=Plur 8 got obl 3 at at ADP _ 5 gym case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 gym det 5 gym gym NOUN Number=Sing 2 months nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 months punct 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 got nsubj 8 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 really really ADV _ 10 buff advmod 10 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 8 got obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past he buff month vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer buff=Stimulus
Example 5 The babies ran around the garden in the buff.
det nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root The DET babies NOUN ran VERB around ADP the DET garden NOUN in ADP the DET buff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 babies det 2 babies baby NOUN Number=Plur 3 ran nsubj 3 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 around around ADP _ 6 garden case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 garden det 6 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 3 ran obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 buff case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 buff det 9 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 3 ran obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past the babies the garden in the buff vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around garden=Trajectory
Example 6 The new update buffed my favourite character.
det amod acl nmod:poss amod obj punct root The DET new ADJ update NOUN buffed VERB my PRON favourite ADJ character NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 update det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 update amod 3 update update NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 buffed buff VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 update acl 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 character nmod:poss 6 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos 7 character amod 7 character character NOUN Number=Sing 4 buffed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 update punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buff participle the new update not said here my favourite character vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent character=Source
Example 7 She's a history buff who knows every king.
nsubj cop det compound nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root She PRON 's AUX a DET history NOUN buff NOUN who PRON knows VERB every DET king NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 buff nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 buff cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 buff det 4 history history NOUN Number=Sing 5 buff compound 5 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 knows nsubj 7 knows know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 buff acl:relcl 8 every every DET PronType=Tot 9 king det 9 king king NOUN Number=Sing 7 knows obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 buff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present She a history buff tree rules 2 know present a history buff every king vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer king=Stimulus
Example 8 Some played at blindman’s buff, others at tag.
nsubj:pass case nmod:poss case obl punct conj case nmod punct root Some DET played VERB at ADP blindman NOUN ’s PART buff NOUN , PUNCT others NOUN at ADP tag NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 played nsubj:pass 2 played play VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 3 at at ADP _ 6 buff case 4 blindman blindman NOUN Number=Sing 6 buff nmod:poss 5 ’s 's PART _ 4 blindman case 6 buff buff NOUN Number=Sing 2 played obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 others punct 8 others other NOUN Number=Plur 6 buff conj 9 at at ADP _ 10 tag case 10 tag tag NOUN Number=Sing 8 others nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 played punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play participle · passive Some blindman's buff and others at tag vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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