bugle Who acts: bugle, armies, signals, He, bugler, bugle call · What happens: be, use, play, give, wake up, wake · To what, where: brass instrument, short tunes, bugles, past, signals, soldiers · Speech: someone speaks here
«bugle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bugle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bugle is a brass instrument like a small, simple trumpet with no valves, used to play short tunes and signals.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det compound case det amod punct amod nmod case det nmod punct conj mark xcomp amod obj cc conj punct root A DET bugle NOUN is AUX a DET brass NOUN instrument NOUN like ADP a DET small ADJ , PUNCT simple ADJ trumpet NOUN with ADP no DET valves NOUN , PUNCT used VERB to PART play VERB short ADJ tunes NOUN and CCONJ signals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bugle det 2 bugle bugle NOUN Number=Sing 6 instrument nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 instrument cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 instrument det 5 brass brass NOUN Number=Sing 6 instrument compound 6 instrument instrument NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 like like ADP _ 12 trumpet case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 trumpet det 9 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 12 trumpet amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 small punct 11 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 12 trumpet amod 12 trumpet trumpet NOUN Number=Sing 6 instrument nmod 13 with with ADP _ 15 valves case 14 no no DET PronType=Neg 15 valves det 15 valves valve NOUN Number=Plur 12 trumpet nmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 used punct 17 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 instrument conj 18 to to PART _ 19 play mark 19 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 used xcomp 20 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 21 tunes amod 21 tunes tune NOUN Number=Plur 19 play obj 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 signals cc 23 signals signal NOUN Number=Plur 21 tunes conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 6 instrument punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bugle a brass instrument like a small simple trumpet with no valves tree rules 2 use participle a bugle not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 play to-infinitive a bugle not said here short tunes and signals vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In the past, armies used bugles to give signals such as wake up, march or attack.
The tree, 16 words case det obl punct nsubj obj mark xcomp obj case fixed acl:relcl compound:prt punct nmod cc conj punct root In ADP the DET past NOUN , PUNCT armies NOUN used VERB bugles NOUN to PART give VERB signals NOUN such ADJ as ADP wake VERB up ADP , PUNCT march NOUN or CCONJ attack NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 past case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 past det 3 past past NOUN Number=Sing 6 used obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 past punct 5 armies army NOUN Number=Plur 6 used nsubj 6 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 bugles bugle NOUN Number=Plur 6 used obj 8 to to PART _ 9 give mark 9 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 used xcomp 10 signals signal NOUN Number=Plur 9 give obj 11 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 13 wake case 12 as as ADP _ 11 such fixed 13 wake wake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 signals acl:relcl 14 up up ADP _ 13 wake compound:prt 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 march punct 16 march march NOUN Number=Sing 10 signals nmod 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 attack cc 18 attack attack NOUN Number=Sing 16 march conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past armies bugles the past vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent bugle=Theme clause=Eventuality 2 give to-infinitive armies not said here signals march or attack vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme 3 wake up present signals march or attack not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 The bugle woke the soldiers in the morning.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET bugle NOUN woke VERB the DET soldiers NOUN in ADP the DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bugle det 2 bugle bugle NOUN Number=Sing 3 woke nsubj 3 woke wake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 soldiers det 5 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 3 woke obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 morning case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 morning det 8 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 3 woke obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 woke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wake past the bugle the soldiers morning vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent soldier=Patient
Example 2 A lone bugle played at the war memorial.
det amod acl case det compound obl punct root A DET lone ADJ bugle NOUN played VERB at ADP the DET war NOUN memorial NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bugle det 2 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bugle amod 3 bugle bugle NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 played play VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 bugle acl 5 at at ADP _ 8 memorial case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 memorial det 7 war war NOUN Number=Sing 8 memorial compound 8 memorial memorial NOUN Number=Sing 4 played obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 bugle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play participle a lone bugle not said here the war memorial vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 He blew a loud note on the bugle.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root He PRON blew VERB a DET loud ADJ note NOUN on ADP the DET bugle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 blew nsubj 2 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 note det 4 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 5 note amod 5 note note NOUN Number=Sing 2 blew obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 bugle case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bugle det 8 bugle bugle NOUN Number=Sing 2 blew obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 blew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow past He a loud note the bugle vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent note=Patient
Example 4 A bugle has no valves, unlike a trumpet.
det nsubj det obj punct case det conj punct root A DET bugle NOUN has VERB no DET valves NOUN , PUNCT unlike ADP a DET trumpet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bugle det 2 bugle bugle NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 no no DET PronType=Neg 5 valves det 5 valves valve NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 trumpet punct 7 unlike unlike ADP _ 9 trumpet case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 trumpet det 9 trumpet trumpet NOUN Number=Sing 5 valves conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a bugle no valves and a trumpet vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valve=Patient
Example 5 The bugler marched at the front of the band.
det nsubj case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET bugler NOUN marched VERB at ADP the DET front NOUN of ADP the DET band NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bugler det 2 bugler bugler NOUN Number=Sing 3 marched nsubj 3 marched march VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 6 front case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 front det 6 front front NOUN Number=Sing 3 marched obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 band case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 band det 9 band band NOUN Number=Sing 6 front nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 marched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 march past the bugler the front of the band vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at front=Trajectory
Example 6 At camp, a bugle call told us it was time for breakfast.
case obl punct det compound nsubj iobj nsubj cop ccomp case nmod punct root At ADP camp NOUN , PUNCT a DET bugle NOUN call NOUN told VERB us PRON it PRON was AUX time NOUN for ADP breakfast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 2 camp case 2 camp camp NOUN Number=Sing 7 told obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 camp punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 call det 5 bugle bugle NOUN Number=Sing 6 call compound 6 call call NOUN Number=Sing 7 told nsubj 7 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 told iobj 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 time nsubj 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 time cop 11 time time NOUN Number=Sing 7 told ccomp 12 for for ADP _ 13 breakfast case 13 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 11 time nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert past a bugle call us camp vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient 2 is a past call time for breakfast tree rules
Example 7 The Childe of Lambton swam ashore, and raising his bugle to his lips, sounded its note thrice.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj case nmod advmod punct cc advcl nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct conj nmod:poss compound obj punct root The DET Childe PROPN of ADP Lambton PROPN swam VERB ashore ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ raising VERB his PRON bugle NOUN to ADP his PRON lips NOUN , PUNCT sounded VERB its PRON note NOUN thrice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Childe det 2 Childe Childe PROPN Number=Sing 5 swam nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 Lambton case 4 Lambton Lambton PROPN Number=Sing 2 Childe nmod 5 swam swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 ashore ashore ADV _ 5 swam advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 raising punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 raising cc 9 raising raise VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 swam advcl 10 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 bugle nmod:poss 11 bugle bugle NOUN Number=Sing 9 raising obj 12 to to ADP _ 14 lips case 13 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 lips nmod:poss 14 lips lip NOUN Number=Plur 9 raising obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 sounded punct 16 sounded sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 swam conj 17 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 thrice nmod:poss 18 note note NOUN Number=Sing 19 thrice compound 19 thrice thrice NOUN Number=Sing 16 sounded obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 swam punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim past the Childe of Lambton ashore property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 raise gerund the Childe of Lambton not said here Childe's bugle Childe's lips vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bugle=Theme to lip=Destination 3 sound past the Childe of Lambton not said here bugle's note thrice vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thrice=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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