bulb Who acts: bulb, glass part, electricity, new plant, we, Dad · What happens: be, give out, flow, grow, lit up, close · To what, where: glass part, light, bulb, round underground part, round swollen part, switch
«bulb» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bulb in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bulb (light bulb) is the glass part of a lamp that gives out light when electricity flows through it.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj punct compound appos punct cop det compound case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt obj mark nsubj advcl case obl punct root A DET bulb NOUN ( PUNCT light NOUN bulb NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX the DET glass NOUN part NOUN of ADP a DET lamp NOUN that PRON gives VERB out ADP light NOUN when SCONJ electricity NOUN flows VERB through ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bulb det 2 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 10 part nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 bulb punct 4 light light NOUN Number=Sing 5 bulb compound 5 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 2 bulb appos 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 bulb punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 part cop 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 part det 9 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 10 part compound 10 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 of of ADP _ 13 lamp case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 lamp det 13 lamp lamp NOUN Number=Sing 10 part nmod 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 gives nsubj 15 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 part acl:relcl 16 out out ADP _ 15 gives compound:prt 17 light light NOUN Number=Sing 15 gives obj 18 when when SCONJ _ 20 flows mark 19 electricity electricity NOUN Number=Sing 20 flows nsubj 20 flows flow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 gives advcl 21 through through ADP _ 22 it case 22 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 flows obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 10 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bulb the glass part of a lamp tree rules 2 give out present the glass part light vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent light=Theme 3 flow present electricity bulb vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through it=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A bulb is the round underground part of some plants, like tulips, onions and daffodils, from which a new plant grows.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case det nmod punct case conj punct conj cc conj punct case obl det amod nsubj conj punct root A DET bulb NOUN is AUX the DET round ADJ underground ADJ part NOUN of ADP some DET plants NOUN , PUNCT like ADP tulips NOUN , PUNCT onions NOUN and CCONJ daffodils NOUN , PUNCT from ADP which PRON a DET new ADJ plant NOUN grows VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bulb det 2 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 7 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 part det 5 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 7 part amod 6 underground underground ADJ Degree=Pos 7 part amod 7 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 plants case 9 some some DET PronType=Ind 10 plants det 10 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 7 part nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 tulips punct 12 like like ADP _ 13 tulips case 13 tulips tulip NOUN Number=Plur 10 plants conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 onions punct 15 onions onion NOUN Number=Plur 10 plants conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 daffodils cc 17 daffodils daffodil NOUN Number=Plur 10 plants conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 24 grows punct 19 from from ADP _ 20 which case 20 which which PRON PronType=Rel 24 grows obl 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 plant det 22 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 23 plant amod 23 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 24 grows nsubj 24 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 part conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 7 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bulb the round underground part of some plants and tulips and onions and daffodils tree rules 2 grow present a new plant from the round underground part vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from which=Patient
Meaning 3 A bulb is any round, swollen part, like the bulb of a thermometer.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct case det conj case det nmod punct root A DET bulb NOUN is AUX any DET round ADJ , PUNCT swollen ADJ part NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET bulb NOUN of ADP a DET thermometer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bulb det 2 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 8 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 part cop 4 any any DET PronType=Ind 8 part det 5 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 8 part amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 round punct 7 swollen swollen ADJ Degree=Pos 8 part amod 8 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 bulb punct 10 like like ADP _ 12 bulb case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 bulb det 12 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 8 part conj 13 of of ADP _ 15 thermometer case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 thermometer det 15 thermometer thermometer NOUN Number=Sing 12 bulb nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bulb any round swollen part and the bulb of a thermometer tree rules
Example 1 The bulb lit up when we closed the switch.
det acl compound:prt mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root The DET bulb NOUN lit VERB up ADP when SCONJ we PRON closed VERB the DET switch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bulb det 2 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 lit lit VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 bulb acl 4 up up ADP _ 3 lit compound:prt 5 when when SCONJ _ 7 closed mark 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 closed nsubj 7 closed close VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 lit advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 switch det 9 switch switch NOUN Number=Sing 7 closed obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 bulb punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lit up participle the bulb not said here tree rules 2 close past we the switch vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent switch=Patient
Example 2 Dad changed the bulb in the kitchen.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Dad NOUN changed VERB the DET bulb NOUN in ADP the DET kitchen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 changed nsubj 2 changed change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 bulb det 4 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 2 changed obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 kitchen case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 kitchen det 7 kitchen kitchen NOUN Number=Sing 2 changed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 changed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change past Dad the bulb the kitchen vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bulb=Patient
Example 3 We planted tulip bulbs in the autumn.
nsubj compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON planted VERB tulip NOUN bulbs NOUN in ADP the DET autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 planted nsubj 2 planted plant VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 tulip tulip NOUN Number=Sing 4 bulbs compound 4 bulbs bulb NOUN Number=Plur 2 planted obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 autumn case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 autumn det 7 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 2 planted obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 planted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plant past We tulip bulbs autumn vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bulb=Patient
Example 4 An onion is a bulb.
det nsubj cop det punct root An DET onion NOUN is AUX a DET bulb NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 onion det 2 onion onion NOUN Number=Sing 5 bulb nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bulb cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bulb det 5 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 bulb punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a onion a bulb tree rules
Example 5 The red liquid rose from the bulb of the thermometer.
det amod nsubj case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET red ADJ liquid NOUN rose VERB from ADP the DET bulb NOUN of ADP the DET thermometer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 liquid det 2 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 3 liquid amod 3 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 4 rose nsubj 4 rose rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 bulb case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bulb det 7 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 4 rose obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 thermometer case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 thermometer det 10 thermometer thermometer NOUN Number=Sing 7 bulb nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 rose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise past the red liquid the bulb of the thermometer vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from bulb=Initial_Location
Example 6 I had a light-bulb moment and solved the puzzle.
nsubj det compound punct compound obj cc conj det obj punct root I PRON had VERB a DET light NOUN - PUNCT bulb NOUN moment NOUN and CCONJ solved VERB the DET puzzle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 moment det 4 light light NOUN Number=Sing 6 bulb compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 light punct 6 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 7 moment compound 7 moment moment NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 solved cc 9 solved solve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 puzzle det 11 puzzle puzzle NOUN Number=Sing 9 solved obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past I moment vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 solve past I not said here the puzzle vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic
Example 7 The drops penetrated through the snowy covering down into the earth, and touched the flower-bulb, and talked of the bright world above.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj acl case det obl advcl advmod case det obl punct cc det compound punct obj punct cc conj case det amod obl advmod punct root The DET drops NOUN penetrated VERB through ADP the DET snowy ADJ covering VERB down ADV into ADP the DET earth NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ touched VERB the DET flower NOUN - PUNCT bulb NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ talked VERB of ADP the DET bright ADJ world NOUN above ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 drops det 2 drops drop NOUN Number=Plur 14 touched nsubj 3 penetrated penetrate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 drops acl 4 through through ADP _ 6 snowy case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 snowy det 6 snowy snowy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 penetrated obl 7 covering cover VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 snowy advcl 8 down down ADV _ 7 covering advmod 9 into into ADP _ 11 earth case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 earth det 11 earth earth NOUN Number=Sing 7 covering obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 touched punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 touched cc 14 touched touch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 bulb det 16 flower flower NOUN Number=Sing 18 bulb compound 17 - - PUNCT _ 16 flower punct 18 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 14 touched obj 19 , , PUNCT _ 21 talked punct 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 talked cc 21 talked talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 touched conj 22 of of ADP _ 25 world case 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 world det 24 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 25 world amod 25 world world NOUN Number=Sing 21 talked obl 26 above above ADV _ 21 talked advmod 27 . . PUNCT _ 14 touched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penetrate participle the drops not said here the snowy vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 cover down gerund the earth down property vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 3 touch past the drops the flower bulb vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bulb=Co-Theme 4 talk past the drops not said here of the bright world; above property vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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