bull

Who acts: bull, bull's eye, sign, farmer, bull elephant, arrow · What happens: be, stand, say, beware, keep, hit · To what, where: adult male cow, male, centre, field, one bull, bull's eye · Speech: someone speaks here

«bull» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bull in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A bull is an adult male cow.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bull	det
2	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cow	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 cow	cop
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 cow	det
5	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cow	amod
6	male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cow	amod
7	cow	cow	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 cow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a bull	a adult male cow					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A bull can also be the male of some other big animals, such as elephants, whales and seals.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bull	det
2	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 male	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 male	aux
4	also	also	ADV	_	7 male	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 male	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 male	det
7	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	12 animals	case
9	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	12 animals	det
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 animals	amod
11	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 animals	amod
12	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 male	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 elephants	punct
14	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	16 elephants	case
15	as	as	ADP	_	14 such	fixed
16	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 animals	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 whales	punct
18	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 animals	conj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 seals	cc
20	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 animals	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 male	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	can	a bull	the male				of some other big animals and elephants and whales and seals	tree rules

Meaning 3

The bull's-eye is the centre of a target.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 eye	det
2	bull's	bull's	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eye	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 bull's	punct
4	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 centre	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 centre	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 centre	det
7	centre	centre	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 target	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 target	det
10	target	target	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 centre	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 centre	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the bull's eye	the centre				of a target	tree rules

Example 1

The bull stood alone in the field.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bull	det
2	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stood	nsubj
3	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	alone	alone	ADV	_	3 stood	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 field	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 field	det
7	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stood	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stood	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	past	the bull			the field		alone property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in field=Location

Example 2

A sign said «Beware of the bull».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 sign	det
2	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 Beware	punct
5	Beware	beware	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	ccomp
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 bull	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bull	det
8	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Beware	obl
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 Beware	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	a sign						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	beware in a quote	infinitive						of the bull	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Example 3

The farmer keeps one bull and many cows.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 farmer	det
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keeps	nsubj
3	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 bull	nummod
5	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keeps	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 cows	cc
7	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 cows	amod
8	cows	cow	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bull	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 keeps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	the farmer	one bull and many cows					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bull=Theme

Example 4

A bull elephant can be very large.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 elephant	det
2	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 elephant	compound
3	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 large	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 large	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 large	cop
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 large	advmod
7	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 large	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	can	a bull elephant					large property	tree rules

Example 5

The arrow hit the bull's-eye.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 arrow	det
2	arrow	arrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hit	nsubj
3	hit	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 eye	det
5	bull's	bull's	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 eye	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 bull's	punct
7	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hit	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hit	past	the arrow	the bull's eye					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme eye=Co-Theme

Example 6

He ran like a bull in a china shop.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ran	nsubj
2	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	like	like	ADP	_	5 bull	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 bull	det
5	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ran	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 shop	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 shop	det
8	china	china	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shop	compound
9	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ran	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 ran	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past	He			a china shop		like a bull	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in shop=Trajectory

Example 7

Take the bull by the horns and ask her.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Take	take	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 bull	det
3	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Take	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 horns	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 horns	det
6	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Take	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 ask	cc
8	ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Take	conj
9	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 ask	iobj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Take	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	imperative	you not said here		the bull			by the horns	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument bull=Destination
2	ask speech: ask	infinitive	you not said here		her = she				vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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