bum

Who acts: you, homeless person, person, Bum, baby, He · What happens: sit on, not work, be, spend, bum, ask · To what, where: part, hobby, something, someone, ride, deep booming sound

«bum» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bum in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: informal, UK/Australia — kept apart, not parsed.

Your bottom, the part you sit on.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 bottom	nmod:poss
2	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 part	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 part	det
5	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bottom	appos
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 sit	nsubj
7	sit	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 part	acl:relcl
8	on	on	ADV	_	7 sit	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 bottom	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit on	present	you	the part not said here					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location part=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: informal, US — kept apart, not parsed.

A homeless person or someone who will not work; can be unkind.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 person	det
2	homeless	homeless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 person	amod
3	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 unkind	nsubj
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 someone	cc
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 person	conj
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 work	nsubj
7	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 work	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 work	advmod
9	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 someone	acl:relcl
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 person	punct
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 unkind	aux
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 unkind	cop
13	unkind	unkind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 unkind	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not work	future							vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	can	a homeless person					unkind property	tree rules

Meaning 3

Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

A person who spends all their time on a hobby (a beach bum, a gym bum).

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spends	nsubj
3	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 spends	nsubj
4	spends	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 time	det:predet
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 time	nmod:poss
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spends	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 hobby	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 hobby	det
10	hobby	hobby	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spends	obl
11	(	(	PUNCT	_	14 bum	punct
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bum	det
13	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 bum	compound
14	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hobby	appos
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 bum	punct
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 bum	det
17	gym	gym	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 bum	compound
18	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 bum	conj
19	)	)	PUNCT	_	14 bum	punct
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 spends	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spend	present	a person				time	on a hobby goal	vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent on hobby=Goal

Meaning 4

Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.

To bum something: to ask someone for it for free (bum a ride).

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 bum	mark
2	bum	bum	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 ask	advcl
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 bum	obj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 ask	punct
5	to	to	PART	_	6 ask	mark
6	ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 ask	obj
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 it	case
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 ask	obl
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 free	case
11	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ask	obl
12	(	(	PUNCT	_	13 bum	punct
13	bum	bum	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	6 ask	parataxis
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 ride	det
15	ride	ride	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 bum	obj
16	)	)	PUNCT	_	13 bum	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 ask	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	bum	to-infinitive	something			tree rules
2	ask speech: ask	to-infinitive		someone	for it; for free	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient
3	bum	infinitive	a ride			tree rules

Meaning 5

Usage: slang, US — kept apart, not parsed.

Bad or poor quality (a bum deal, a bum knee).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 quality	amod
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	3 poor	cc
3	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Bad	conj
4	quality	quality	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	(	(	PUNCT	_	8 deal	punct
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 deal	det
7	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 deal	compound
8	deal	deal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 quality	appos
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 knee	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 knee	det
11	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 knee	compound
12	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 deal	nmod
13	)	)	PUNCT	_	8 deal	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 quality	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 6

Bum can also be a deep booming sound, like a cannon or a drum.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sound	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 sound	aux
3	also	also	ADV	_	8 sound	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 sound	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 sound	det
6	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 sound	amod
7	booming	booming	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sound	compound
8	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 cannon	punct
10	like	like	ADP	_	12 cannon	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 cannon	det
12	cannon	cannon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sound	nmod
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 drum	cc
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 drum	det
15	drum	drum	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cannon	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 sound	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	can	Bum	a deep booming sound				like a cannon or a drum	tree rules

Example 1

The baby fell on his bum.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 baby	det
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fell	nsubj
3	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 bum	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 bum	nmod:poss
6	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fell	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	past	the baby			baby's bum			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on bum=Location

Example 2

Sit on your bum and stay still! (UK, informal)

Sentence 1: Sit on your bum and stay still!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sit	sit	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 bum	case
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 bum	nmod:poss
4	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Sit	obl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 stay	cc
6	stay	stay	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Sit	conj
7	still	still	ADV	_	6 stay	advmod
8	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Sit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	imperative	you not said here			your bum			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on bum=Location
2	stay	infinitive	you not said here				still		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 2: (UK, informal)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 UK	punct
2	UK	UK	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 informal	punct
4	informal	informal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 UK	conj
5	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 UK	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

He spent the summer as a beach bum.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 spent	nsubj
2	spent	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 summer	det
4	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spent	obj
5	as	as	ADP	_	8 bum	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bum	det
7	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bum	compound
8	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spend	past	He				summer	as a beach bum	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as bum=Attribute

Example 4

Can I bum a lift home? (slang)

Sentence 1: Can I bum a lift home?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 bum	aux
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 bum	nsubj
3	bum	bum	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 home	det
5	lift	lift	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 home	compound
6	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bum	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 bum	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bum	can	I	a lift home					tree rules

Sentence 2: (slang)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 slang	punct
2	slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 slang	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 5

That's a bum deal; you paid too much. (US slang)

Sentence 1: That's a bum deal; you paid too much.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 deal	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 deal	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 deal	det
4	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 deal	compound
5	deal	deal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 paid	punct
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 paid	nsubj
8	paid	pay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 deal	parataxis
9	too	too	ADV	_	10 much	advmod
10	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 paid	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 deal	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	That	a bum deal					tree rules
2	pay	past	you	much					vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Asset

Sentence 2: (US slang)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 slang	punct
2	US	US	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 slang	compound
3	slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 slang	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 6

I bummed around at home all Saturday.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 bummed	nsubj
2	bummed	bum	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	around	around	ADV	_	2 bummed	advmod
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 home	case
5	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bummed	obl
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 Saturday	det
7	Saturday	Saturday	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 bummed	obl:unmarked
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 bummed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bum around	past	I			home	saturday	around property	tree rules

Example 7

Get off your bum and help!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Get	get	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	off	off	ADP	_	1 Get	compound:prt
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 bum	nmod:poss
4	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Get	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 help	cc
6	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bum	conj
7	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Get	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get off	imperative	you not said here	your bum and help					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bum=Stimulus

Example 8

The whole city was illuminated in the evening, and the cannons went off with a bum! bum! and the soldiers presented arms.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 city	det
2	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 city	amod
3	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 illuminated	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 illuminated	aux:pass
5	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 evening	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 evening	det
8	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 illuminated	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 went	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 went	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 cannons	det
12	cannons	cannon	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 went	nsubj
13	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 illuminated	conj
14	off	off	ADP	_	13 went	compound:prt
15	with	with	ADP	_	17 bum	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 bum	det
17	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 went	obl
18	!	!	PUNCT	_	19 bum	punct
19	bum	bum	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 bum	conj
20	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 illuminated	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 presented	cc
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 soldiers	det
23	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 presented	nsubj
24	presented	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 illuminated	conj
25	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 presented	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 illuminated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	illuminate	past · passive		the whole city	evening		vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination
2	go off	past	the cannons			with a bum and bum	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
3	present	past	the soldiers	arms			vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/bum/