button Who acts: button, small round thing, you, shirt, She, He · What happens: be, hold, close, go, press, make · To what, where: small round thing, clothes, hole, something, machine, badge · Speech: someone speaks here
«button» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: button in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A button is a small round thing that holds clothes closed by going through a hole.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod amod nsubj acl:relcl obj acl mark advcl case det obl punct root A DET button NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ round ADJ thing NOUN that PRON holds VERB clothes NOUN closed VERB by SCONJ going VERB through ADP a DET hole NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 button det 2 button button NOUN Number=Sing 7 thing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 thing cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 thing det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 thing amod 6 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 7 thing amod 7 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 holds nsubj 9 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 thing acl:relcl 10 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 9 holds obj 11 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 clothes acl 12 by by SCONJ _ 13 going mark 13 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 closed advcl 14 through through ADP _ 16 hole case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 hole det 16 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 13 going obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 thing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a button a small round thing tree rules 2 hold present a small round thing clothes vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Theme 3 close participle clothes not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 go gerund a hole vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through hole=Initial_Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A button is something you press to make a machine or a screen work.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp det obj cc det compound conj punct root A DET button NOUN is AUX something PRON you PRON press VERB to PART make VERB a DET machine NOUN or CCONJ a DET screen NOUN work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 button det 2 button button NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 press nsubj 6 press press VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 to to PART _ 8 make mark 8 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 press xcomp 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 machine det 10 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 8 make obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 14 work cc 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 work det 13 screen screen NOUN Number=Sing 14 work compound 14 work work NOUN Number=Sing 10 machine conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a button something tree rules 2 press present you vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make to-infinitive you not said here a machine or a screen work vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset machine=Product
Meaning 3 A badge with a pin is also called a button.
det nsubj:pass case det nmod aux:pass advmod det xcomp punct root A DET badge NOUN with ADP a DET pin NOUN is AUX also ADV called VERB a DET button NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 badge det 2 badge badge NOUN Number=Sing 8 called nsubj:pass 3 with with ADP _ 5 pin case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pin det 5 pin pin NOUN Number=Sing 2 badge nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 called aux:pass 7 also also ADV _ 8 called advmod 8 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 button det 10 button button NOUN Number=Sing 8 called xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive a badge with a pin vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Meaning 4 To button is to close with buttons.
mark advcl cop mark case obl punct root To PART button NOUN is AUX to PART close VERB with ADP buttons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 button mark 2 button button NOUN Number=Sing 5 close advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 close cop 4 to to PART _ 5 close mark 5 close close VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 with with ADP _ 7 buttons case 7 buttons button NOUN Number=Plur 5 close obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 close punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present with buttons; close property tree rules
Example 1 Each shirt has 6 buttons.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET shirt NOUN has VERB 6 NUM buttons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 shirt det 2 shirt shirt NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 buttons nummod 5 buttons button NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each shirt 6 buttons vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Patient
Example 2 She has 40 buttons in a jar.
nsubj nummod obj case det nmod punct root She PRON has VERB 40 NUM buttons NOUN in ADP a DET jar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 buttons nummod 4 buttons button NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 jar case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 jar det 7 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 4 buttons nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She 40 buttons a jar vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Patient
Example 3 How many buttons for 7 coats?
advmod amod case nummod nmod punct root How ADV many ADJ buttons NOUN for ADP 7 NUM coats NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 buttons amod 3 buttons button NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 coats case 5 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 coats nummod 6 coats coat NOUN Number=Plur 3 buttons nmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 buttons punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 4 He pressed the button 3 times.
nsubj det obj nummod obl:unmarked punct root He PRON pressed VERB the DET button NOUN 3 NUM times NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 pressed nsubj 2 pressed press VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 button det 4 button button NOUN Number=Sing 2 pressed obj 5 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 times nummod 6 times time NOUN Number=Plur 2 pressed obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 pressed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 press past He the button time vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Theme
Example 5 Button up your coat, it's cold.
compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct nsubj cop parataxis punct root Button VERB up ADP your PRON coat NOUN , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX cold ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Button button VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Button compound:prt 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 coat nmod:poss 4 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Button obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 cold punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 cold nsubj 7 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 cold cop 8 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Button parataxis 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Button punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 button up imperative you not said here your coat vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Patient 2 is present coat cold property tree rules
Example 6 Press the red button to stop the machine.
det amod obj mark advcl det obj punct root Press VERB the DET red ADJ button NOUN to PART stop VERB the DET machine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Press press VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 button det 3 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 4 button amod 4 button button NOUN Number=Sing 1 Press obj 5 to to PART _ 6 stop mark 6 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Press advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 machine det 8 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 6 stop obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Press punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 press imperative you not said here the red button vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Theme 2 stop to-infinitive you not said here the machine vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality machine=Eventuality
Example 7 Sort the buttons by the number of holes.
det obj case det obl case nmod punct root Sort VERB the DET buttons NOUN by ADP the DET number NOUN of ADP holes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sort sort VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 buttons det 3 buttons button NOUN Number=Plur 1 Sort obj 4 by by ADP _ 6 number case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 number det 6 number number NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sort obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 holes case 8 holes hole NOUN Number=Plur 6 number nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Sort punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sort imperative you not said here the buttons by the number of holes vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Theme
Example 8 Your belly button is in the middle of your tummy.
nmod:poss compound nsubj cop case det case nmod:poss nmod punct root Your PRON belly NOUN button NOUN is AUX in ADP the DET middle NOUN of ADP your PRON tummy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 button nmod:poss 2 belly belly NOUN Number=Sing 3 button compound 3 button button NOUN Number=Sing 7 middle nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 middle cop 5 in in ADP _ 7 middle case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 middle det 7 middle middle NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 tummy case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 tummy nmod:poss 10 tummy tummy NOUN Number=Sing 7 middle nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 middle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Your belly button the middle of your tummy tree rules
Example 9 Click the button to start the game.
det obj mark advcl det obj punct root Click VERB the DET button NOUN to PART start VERB the DET game NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Click click VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 button det 3 button button NOUN Number=Sing 1 Click obj 4 to to PART _ 5 start mark 5 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Click advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 game det 7 game game NOUN Number=Sing 5 start obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Click punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 click imperative you not said here the button vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location button=Theme 2 start to-infinitive you not said here the game vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality
Example 10 The puppy is as cute as a button.
det nsubj cop advmod case det obl punct root The DET puppy NOUN is AUX as ADV cute ADJ as ADP a DET button NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puppy det 2 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 5 cute nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 cute cop 4 as as ADV _ 5 cute advmod 5 cute cute ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 as as ADP _ 8 button case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 button det 8 button button NOUN Number=Sing 5 cute obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 cute punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the puppy as a button; cute property tree rules
Example 11 It was a blue jacket with brass buttons, quite new.
nsubj cop det amod case compound nmod punct advmod parataxis punct root It PRON was AUX a DET blue ADJ jacket NOUN with ADP brass NOUN buttons NOUN , PUNCT quite ADV new ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 jacket nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 jacket cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 jacket det 4 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 5 jacket amod 5 jacket jacket NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 8 buttons case 7 brass brass NOUN Number=Sing 8 buttons compound 8 buttons button NOUN Number=Plur 5 jacket nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 new punct 10 quite quite ADV _ 11 new advmod 11 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 5 jacket parataxis 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 jacket punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a blue jacket with brass buttons tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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