bystander Who acts: bystander, person, you, Several bystanders, falling sign, bystanders · What happens: be, not be, call, not do, bully, tell · To what, where: person, part, ambulance, bystander, someone, teacher · Speech: someone speaks here
«bystander» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bystander in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bystander is a person who is near when something happens, especially an accident, a fight or bullying, but is not part of it.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det nsubj cop advmod advmod nsubj acl:relcl punct advmod det obl punct det appos cc conj punct cc cop advmod conj case nmod punct root A DET bystander NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON is AUX near ADV when ADV something PRON happens VERB , PUNCT especially ADV an DET accident NOUN , PUNCT a DET fight NOUN or CCONJ bullying NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ is AUX not PART part NOUN of ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bystander det 2 bystander bystander NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 11 happens nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 happens cop 8 near near ADV _ 11 happens advmod 9 when when ADV PronType=Int 11 happens advmod 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 happens nsubj 11 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 accident punct 13 especially especially ADV _ 15 accident advmod 14 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 accident det 15 accident accident NOUN Number=Sing 11 happens obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 fight punct 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 fight det 18 fight fight NOUN Number=Sing 15 accident appos 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 bullying cc 20 bullying bullying NOUN Number=Sing 18 fight conj 21 , , PUNCT _ 25 part punct 22 but but CCONJ _ 25 part cc 23 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 part cop 24 not not PART Polarity=Neg 25 part advmod 25 part part NOUN Number=Sing 5 person conj 26 of of ADP _ 27 it case 27 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 part nmod 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bystander a person but part tree rules 2 is present a person but part a accident obl ; happen, near property tree rules 3 not is a present a bystander not said here part of bystander tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A bystander called the ambulance.
det acl det obj punct root A DET bystander NOUN called VERB the DET ambulance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bystander det 2 bystander bystander NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 bystander acl 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ambulance det 5 ambulance ambulance NOUN Number=Sing 3 called obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 bystander punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call participle a bystander not said here the ambulance vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ambulance=Recipient
Example 2 Don't just be a bystander when someone is being bullied — tell a teacher.
The tree, 14 words advmod advmod cop det obl advmod nsubj aux:pass aux:pass advcl punct parataxis det obj punct root Do VERB n't PART just ADV be AUX a DET bystander NOUN when ADV someone PRON is AUX being AUX bullied VERB — PUNCT tell VERB a DET teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 1 Do advmod 3 just just ADV _ 6 bystander advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 bystander cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bystander det 6 bystander bystander NOUN Number=Sing 1 Do obl 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 11 bullied advmod 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 bullied nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 bullied aux:pass 10 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 bullied aux:pass 11 bullied bully VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Do advcl 12 — - PUNCT _ 13 tell punct 13 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Do parataxis 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 teacher det 15 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 13 tell obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 1 Do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not do imperative you not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a infinitive a bystander tree rules 3 bully present · passive someone vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary 4 tell speech: assert infinitive a teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient
Example 3 Several bystanders saw the accident.
amod nsubj det obj punct root Several ADJ bystanders NOUN saw VERB the DET accident NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Several several ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bystanders amod 2 bystanders bystander NOUN Number=Plur 3 saw nsubj 3 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 accident det 5 accident accident NOUN Number=Sing 3 saw obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past Several bystanders the accident vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer accident=Stimulus
Example 4 An innocent bystander was hurt by the falling sign.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det amod obl punct root An DET innocent ADJ bystander NOUN was AUX hurt VERB by ADP the DET falling VERB sign NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bystander det 2 innocent innocent ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bystander amod 3 bystander bystander NOUN Number=Sing 5 hurt nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 hurt aux:pass 5 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 by by ADP _ 9 sign case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sign det 8 falling fall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 sign amod 9 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 5 hurt obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 hurt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurt past · passive the falling sign a innocent bystander vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient 2 fall gerund vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 A bystander who helps is called an upstander.
det nsubj:pass nsubj acl:relcl aux:pass det xcomp punct root A DET bystander NOUN who PRON helps VERB is AUX called VERB an DET upstander NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bystander det 2 bystander bystander NOUN Number=Sing 6 called nsubj:pass 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 helps nsubj 4 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 bystander acl:relcl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 called aux:pass 6 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 upstander det 8 upstander upstander NOUN Number=Sing 6 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present a bystander vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 call present · passive a bystander vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 6 The bystanders cheered when the cat was rescued.
det nsubj mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root The DET bystanders NOUN cheered VERB when SCONJ the DET cat NOUN was AUX rescued VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bystanders det 2 bystanders bystander NOUN Number=Plur 3 cheered nsubj 3 cheered cheer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when SCONJ _ 8 rescued mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cat det 6 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 8 rescued nsubj:pass 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 rescued aux:pass 8 rescued rescue VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 cheered advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 cheered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheer past the bystanders vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 rescue past · passive the cat vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 7 Having broken her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by one of the bystanders.
The tree, 20 words advcl amod nmod:poss obj case det obl punct nsubj case det obl punct cc aux:pass conj case obl case det nmod punct root Having VERB broken VERB her PRON wings NOUN by ADP the DET blow NOUN , PUNCT she PRON fell VERB to ADP the DET ground NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ was AUX caught VERB by ADP one NUM of ADP the DET bystanders NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Having have VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 fell advcl 2 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 wings amod 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 wings nmod:poss 4 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 1 Having obj 5 by by ADP _ 7 blow case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 blow det 7 blow blow NOUN Number=Sing 1 Having obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 1 Having punct 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 fell nsubj 10 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 to to ADP _ 13 ground case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 ground det 13 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 10 fell obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 caught punct 15 and and CCONJ _ 17 caught cc 16 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 17 caught aux:pass 17 caught catch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 fell conj 18 by by ADP _ 19 one case 19 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 17 caught obl 20 of of ADP _ 22 bystanders case 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 bystanders det 22 bystanders bystander NOUN Number=Plur 19 one nmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 10 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have gerund she not said here her broken wings by the blow vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 fall past she to the ground vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to ground=Theme 4 catch past · passive she not said here by one of the bystanders vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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