cairn

Who acts: heap, They, We · What happens: pile up, mark, build, follow, pile · To what, where: stones, grave, cairn, cairns, moor, old stones

«cairn» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cairn in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A heap of stones piled up, often to mark a grave or a path on a hill.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 heap	det
2	heap	heap	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mark	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 stones	case
4	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 heap	nmod
5	piled	pile	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 stones	acl
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 piled	compound:prt
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 mark	punct
8	often	often	ADV	_	10 mark	advmod
9	to	to	PART	_	10 mark	mark
10	mark	mark	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 grave	det
12	grave	grave	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mark	obj
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 path	cc
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 path	det
15	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 grave	conj
16	on	on	ADP	_	18 hill	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 hill	det
18	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 path	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 mark	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pile up	participle		stones not said here					vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
2	mark	to-infinitive	a heap of stones	a grave or a path on a hill				often property	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent grave=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

They built a cairn over the grave.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 built	nsubj
2	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 cairn	det
4	cairn	cairn	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 built	obj
5	over	over	ADP	_	7 grave	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 grave	det
7	grave	grave	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 built	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past	They	a cairn		the grave			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cairn=Product

Example 2

We followed the cairns across the moor.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 followed	nsubj
2	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cairns	det
4	cairns	cairn	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 followed	obj
5	across	across	ADP	_	7 moor	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 moor	det
7	moor	moor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 followed	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 followed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	past	We	the cairns		the moor			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cairn=Theme across moor=Trajectory

Example 3

The old stones were piled into a cairn.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 stones	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 stones	amod
3	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 piled	nsubj:pass
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 piled	aux:pass
5	piled	pile	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 cairn	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 cairn	det
8	cairn	cairn	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 piled	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 piled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pile	past · passive		the old stones		a cairn			vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into cairn=Destination

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cairn/