canyon Who acts: canyon, Grand Canyon, river, We, canyon walls, Hikers · What happens: be, cut, carve, shout, hear, walk down · To what, where: deep narrow valley, Arizona, canyon, millions, echo
«canyon» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: canyon in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A canyon is a deep, narrow valley with steep rocky sides, usually cut by a river over a very long time.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod case amod amod nmod punct advmod acl case det obl case det advmod amod obl punct root A DET canyon NOUN is AUX a DET deep ADJ , PUNCT narrow ADJ valley NOUN with ADP steep ADJ rocky ADJ sides NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV cut VERB by ADP a DET river NOUN over ADP a DET very ADV long ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 canyon det 2 canyon canyon NOUN Number=Sing 8 valley nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 valley cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 valley det 5 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 8 valley amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 deep punct 7 narrow narrow ADJ Degree=Pos 8 valley amod 8 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 with with ADP _ 12 sides case 10 steep steep ADJ Degree=Pos 12 sides amod 11 rocky rocky ADJ Degree=Pos 12 sides amod 12 sides side NOUN Number=Plur 8 valley nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 cut punct 14 usually usually ADV _ 15 cut advmod 15 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 valley acl 16 by by ADP _ 18 river case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 river det 18 river river NOUN Number=Sing 15 cut obl 19 over over ADP _ 23 time case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 time det 21 very very ADV _ 22 long advmod 22 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 23 time amod 23 time time NOUN Number=Sing 15 cut obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 8 valley punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a canyon a deep narrow valley with steep rocky sides tree rules 2 cut participle a deep narrow valley not said here time by a river; usually property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The Grand Canyon is in Arizona.
det compound nsubj cop case punct root The DET Grand PROPN Canyon PROPN is AUX in ADP Arizona PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Canyon det 2 Grand Grand PROPN _ 3 Canyon compound 3 Canyon Canyon PROPN Number=Sing 6 Arizona nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 Arizona cop 5 in in ADP _ 6 Arizona case 6 Arizona Arizona PROPN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 Arizona punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the Grand Canyon Arizona tree rules
Example 2 The river carved the canyon over millions of years.
det nsubj det obj case obl case nmod punct root The DET river NOUN carved VERB the DET canyon NOUN over ADP millions NOUN of ADP years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 river det 2 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 carved nsubj 3 carved carve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 canyon det 5 canyon canyon NOUN Number=Sing 3 carved obj 6 over over ADP _ 7 millions case 7 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 3 carved obl 8 of of ADP _ 9 years case 9 years year NOUN Number=Plur 7 millions nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 carved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carve past the river the canyon millions of years vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent canyon=Theme
Example 3 We shouted and heard our echo in the canyon.
nsubj cc conj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root We PRON shouted VERB and CCONJ heard VERB our PRON echo NOUN in ADP the DET canyon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 shouted nsubj 2 shouted shout VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 heard cc 4 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 shouted conj 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 echo nmod:poss 6 echo echo NOUN Number=Sing 4 heard obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 canyon case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 canyon det 9 canyon canyon NOUN Number=Sing 4 heard obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express past We vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 hear past We not said here our echo the canyon vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer echo=Stimulus
Example 4 The canyon walls were red and orange.
det compound nsubj cop cc conj punct root The DET canyon NOUN walls NOUN were AUX red ADJ and CCONJ orange ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 walls det 2 canyon canyon NOUN Number=Sing 3 walls compound 3 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 5 red nsubj 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 red cop 5 red red ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 orange cc 7 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos 5 red conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 red punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the canyon walls red property tree rules 2 be the canyon walls not said here tree rules
Example 5 Hikers walked down to the bottom of the canyon.
nsubj advmod case det obl case det nmod punct root Hikers NOUN walked VERB down ADV to ADP the DET bottom NOUN of ADP the DET canyon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hikers hiker NOUN Number=Plur 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADV _ 2 walked advmod 4 to to ADP _ 6 bottom case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bottom det 6 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 canyon case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 canyon det 9 canyon canyon NOUN Number=Sing 6 bottom nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk down past Hikers to the bottom of the canyon result ; down property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to bottom=Result
Example 6 A canyon is deeper and narrower than most valleys.
det nsubj cop cc conj case amod obl punct root A DET canyon NOUN is AUX deeper ADJ and CCONJ narrower ADJ than ADP most ADJ valleys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 canyon det 2 canyon canyon NOUN Number=Sing 4 deeper nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 deeper cop 4 deeper deep ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 narrower cc 6 narrower narrow ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 deeper conj 7 than than ADP _ 9 valleys case 8 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 9 valleys amod 9 valleys valley NOUN Number=Plur 4 deeper obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 deeper punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a canyon than most valleys; deep property tree rules 2 be a canyon not said here tree rules
Example 7 Stay away from the edge of the canyon.
advmod case det obl case det nmod punct root Stay VERB away ADV from ADP the DET edge NOUN of ADP the DET canyon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stay stay VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 away away ADV _ 1 Stay advmod 3 from from ADP _ 5 edge case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 edge det 5 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 2 away obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 canyon case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 canyon det 8 canyon canyon NOUN Number=Sing 5 edge nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay away imperative you not said here away property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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