case Who acts: case, box, crime, it, upper case, lower case · What happens: be, keep, carry, look, mean, happen · To what, where: container, things, one example, crime, coat, capital letters
«case» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: case in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A case is a container or box for keeping or carrying things: a pencil case, a suitcase, a phone case.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det cc conj mark acl cc conj obj punct det compound conj punct det conj punct det compound conj punct root A DET case NOUN is AUX a DET container NOUN or CCONJ box NOUN for SCONJ keeping VERB or CCONJ carrying VERB things NOUN : PUNCT a DET pencil NOUN case NOUN , PUNCT a DET suitcase NOUN , PUNCT a DET phone NOUN case NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 case det 2 case case NOUN Number=Sing 5 container nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 container cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 container det 5 container container NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 box cc 7 box box NOUN Number=Sing 5 container conj 8 for for SCONJ _ 9 keeping mark 9 keeping keep VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 box acl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 carrying cc 11 carrying carry VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 keeping conj 12 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 11 carrying obj 13 : : PUNCT _ 16 case punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 case det 15 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 16 case compound 16 case case NOUN Number=Sing 5 container conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 suitcase punct 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 suitcase det 19 suitcase suitcase NOUN Number=Sing 16 case conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 23 case punct 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 case det 22 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 23 case compound 23 case case NOUN Number=Sing 16 case conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 container punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a case a container or box and a pencil case and a suitcase and a phone case tree rules 2 keep gerund box not said here vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 carry gerund box not said here things vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A case is one example or situation of something: a case of chickenpox, in that case.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop nummod cc conj case nmod punct det nmod case nmod punct case det conj punct root A DET case NOUN is AUX one NUM example NOUN or CCONJ situation NOUN of ADP something PRON : PUNCT a DET case NOUN of ADP chickenpox NOUN , PUNCT in ADP that DET case NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 case det 2 case case NOUN Number=Sing 5 example nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 example cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 example nummod 5 example example NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 situation cc 7 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing 5 example conj 8 of of ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 situation nmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 case punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 case det 12 case case NOUN Number=Sing 9 something nmod 13 of of ADP _ 14 chickenpox case 14 chickenpox chickenpox NOUN Number=Sing 12 case nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 case punct 16 in in ADP _ 18 case case 17 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 18 case det 18 case case NOUN Number=Sing 12 case conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 example punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a case one example or situation of something tree rules
Meaning 3 A case is a crime or problem that the police, a detective or a court looks into.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det cc conj nsubj det nsubj punct det conj cc det conj acl:relcl advmod punct root A DET case NOUN is AUX a DET crime NOUN or CCONJ problem NOUN that PRON the DET police NOUN , PUNCT a DET detective NOUN or CCONJ a DET court NOUN looks VERB into ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 case det 2 case case NOUN Number=Sing 5 crime nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 crime cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 crime det 5 crime crime NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 problem cc 7 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 5 crime conj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 17 looks nsubj 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 police det 10 police police NOUN Number=Plur 17 looks nsubj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 detective punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 detective det 13 detective detective NOUN Number=Sing 10 police conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 court cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 court det 16 court court NOUN Number=Sing 13 detective conj 17 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 crime acl:relcl 18 into into ADP _ 17 looks advmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 crime punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a case a crime or problem tree rules 2 look present a crime or problem vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Meaning 4 «In case» means as a plan for something that might happen: take a coat in case it rains.
The tree, 18 words punct case nsubj punct case det obl case nmod nsubj aux acl:relcl punct parataxis det obj mark fixed nsubj advcl punct root « PUNCT In ADP case NOUN » PUNCT means VERB as ADP a DET plan NOUN for ADP something PRON that PRON might AUX happen VERB : PUNCT take VERB a DET coat NOUN in SCONJ case NOUN it PRON rains VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 case punct 2 In in ADP _ 3 case case 3 case case NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 case punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 as as ADP _ 8 plan case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 plan det 8 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obl 9 for for ADP _ 10 something case 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 plan nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 happen nsubj 12 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 happen aux 13 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 something acl:relcl 14 : : PUNCT _ 15 take punct 15 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 means parataxis 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 coat det 17 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 15 take obj 18 in in SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 21 rains mark 19 case case NOUN Number=Sing 18 in fixed 20 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 rains nsubj 21 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 take advcl 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present case as a plan for something vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as plan=Attribute 2 happen might vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 take infinitive a coat vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme 4 rain present it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Meaning 5 In writing, upper case means capital letters and lower case means small letters.
The tree, 13 words case obl punct amod nsubj amod obj cc amod nsubj conj amod obj punct root In ADP writing NOUN , PUNCT upper ADJ case NOUN means VERB capital ADJ letters NOUN and CCONJ lower ADJ case NOUN means VERB small ADJ letters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 writing case 2 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 writing punct 4 upper upper ADJ Degree=Pos 5 case amod 5 case case NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 capital capital ADJ Degree=Pos 8 letters amod 8 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 6 means obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 12 means cc 10 lower low ADJ Degree=Cmp 11 case amod 11 case case NOUN Number=Sing 12 means nsubj 12 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 means conj 13 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 14 letters amod 14 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 12 means obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present upper case capital letters in writing vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot letter=Theme in writing=Attribute 2 mean present lower case small letters vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Topic
Meaning 6 A case can also mean the condition or state someone is in, especially a bad one.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj aux advmod det obj cc conj nsubj cop acl:relcl punct advmod det amod conj punct root A DET case NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB the DET condition NOUN or CCONJ state NOUN someone PRON is AUX in ADV , PUNCT especially ADV a DET bad ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 case det 2 case case NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 condition det 7 condition condition NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 state cc 9 state state NOUN Number=Sing 7 condition conj 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 in nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 in cop 12 in in ADV _ 9 state acl:relcl 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 one punct 14 especially especially ADV _ 17 one advmod 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 one det 16 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 17 one amod 17 one one NOUN Number=Sing 7 condition conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can a case the condition or state and a bad one vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent condition=Topic 2 is present someone state not said here in property tree rules
Example 1 I keep my pens in my pencil case.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss compound obl punct root I PRON keep VERB my PRON pens NOUN in ADP my PRON pencil NOUN case NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 keep nsubj 2 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 pens nmod:poss 4 pens pen NOUN Number=Plur 2 keep obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 case case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 case nmod:poss 7 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 8 case compound 8 case case NOUN Number=Sing 2 keep obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present I my pens my pencil case vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pen=Theme in case=Location
Example 2 Take an umbrella in case it rains.
det obj mark fixed nsubj advcl punct root Take VERB an DET umbrella NOUN in SCONJ case NOUN it PRON rains VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 umbrella det 3 umbrella umbrella NOUN Number=Sing 1 Take obj 4 in in SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 7 rains mark 5 case case NOUN Number=Sing 4 in fixed 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 rains nsubj 7 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Take advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take imperative you not said here a umbrella vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent umbrella=Theme 2 rain present it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 3 In case of fire, leave by the nearest exit.
case obl case nmod punct case det amod obl punct root In ADP case NOUN of ADP fire NOUN , PUNCT leave VERB by ADP the DET nearest ADJ exit NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 case case 2 case case NOUN Number=Sing 6 leave obl 3 of of ADP _ 4 fire case 4 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 2 case nmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 case punct 6 leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 by by ADP _ 10 exit case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 exit det 9 nearest near ADJ Degree=Sup 10 exit amod 10 exit exit NOUN Number=Sing 6 leave obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave imperative you not said here in case of fire result ; by the nearest exit vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in case=Result
Example 4 The detective solved the case.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET detective NOUN solved VERB the DET case NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 detective det 2 detective detective NOUN Number=Sing 3 solved nsubj 3 solved solve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 case det 5 case case NOUN Number=Sing 3 solved obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 solved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 solve past the detective the case vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Topic
Example 5 There were three cases of flu in our class.
expl nummod nsubj case nmod case nmod:poss nmod punct root There PRON were VERB three NUM cases NOUN of ADP flu NOUN in ADP our PRON class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 were expl 2 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 cases nummod 4 cases case NOUN Number=Plur 2 were nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 6 flu case 6 flu flu NOUN Number=Sing 4 cases nmod 7 in in ADP _ 9 class case 8 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 class nmod:poss 9 class class NOUN Number=Sing 6 flu nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 were punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past three cases of flu in our class there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Write your name in upper case letters.
nmod:poss obj case amod compound obl punct root Write VERB your PRON name NOUN in ADP upper ADJ case NOUN letters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 name nmod:poss 3 name name NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obj 4 in in ADP _ 7 letters case 5 upper upper ADJ Degree=Pos 7 letters amod 6 case case NOUN Number=Sing 7 letters compound 7 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 1 Write obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here your name upper case letters vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in letter=Destination 2 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 «It's raining.» «In that case, let's play indoors.»
Sentence 1: «It's raining.»
punct nsubj aux punct punct root « PUNCT It PRON 's AUX raining VERB . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 raining punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 raining nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 raining aux 4 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 raining punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 4 raining punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain in a quote present · progressive It vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Sentence 2: «In that case, let's play indoors.»
punct case det obl punct obj xcomp advmod punct punct root « PUNCT In ADP that DET case NOUN , PUNCT let VERB 's PRON play VERB indoors ADV . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 6 let punct 2 In in ADP _ 4 case case 3 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 case det 4 case case NOUN Number=Sing 6 let obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 case punct 6 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 let obj 8 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 let xcomp 9 indoors indoors ADV _ 8 play advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 let punct 11 » » PUNCT _ 6 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let in a quote imperative you not said here 's that case tree rules 2 play in a quote infinitive 's not said here indoors property vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Pack a plaster just in case.
det obj advmod case obl punct root Pack VERB a DET plaster NOUN just ADV in ADP case NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pack pack VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 plaster det 3 plaster plaster NOUN Number=Sing 1 Pack obj 4 just just ADV _ 6 case advmod 5 in in ADP _ 6 case case 6 case case NOUN Number=Sing 1 Pack obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Pack punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pack imperative you not said here a plaster case vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent plaster=Theme in case=Destination
Example 9 The poor king was in a terrible case.
det amod nsubj cop case det amod punct root The DET poor ADJ king NOUN was AUX in ADP a DET terrible ADJ case NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 king det 2 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 3 king amod 3 king king NOUN Number=Sing 8 case nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 case cop 5 in in ADP _ 8 case case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 case det 7 terrible terrible ADJ Degree=Pos 8 case amod 8 case case NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 case punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the poor king a terrible case tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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