cave Who acts: cave, Bats, Early people, Water, you, We · What happens: be, mean, stop, argue, agree, sleep · To what, where: large hole, side, cave, animals, cave walls, thousands
«cave» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cave in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A cave is a large hole in the side of a hill or cliff or under the ground.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod case det nmod cc conj cc case det conj punct root A DET cave NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ hole NOUN in ADP the DET side NOUN of ADP a DET hill NOUN or CCONJ cliff NOUN or CCONJ under ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cave det 2 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 6 hole nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 hole cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hole det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 hole amod 6 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 side case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 side det 9 side side NOUN Number=Sing 6 hole nmod 10 of of ADP _ 12 hill case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 hill det 12 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 9 side nmod 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 cliff cc 14 cliff cliff NOUN Number=Sing 12 hill conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 18 ground cc 16 under under ADP _ 18 ground case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 ground det 18 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 12 hill conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 hole punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cave a large hole the side of a hill or cliff or the ground tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To cave in is to fall down inwards, like a roof.
mark compound advcl cop mark compound:prt advmod punct case det obl punct root To PART cave NOUN in NOUN is AUX to PART fall VERB down ADP inwards ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET roof NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 in mark 2 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 3 in compound 3 in in NOUN Number=Sing 6 fall advcl 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 fall cop 5 to to PART _ 6 fall mark 6 fall fall VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 down down ADP _ 6 fall compound:prt 8 inwards inwards ADV _ 6 fall advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 roof punct 10 like like ADP _ 12 roof case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 roof det 12 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 6 fall obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 fall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present like a roof; fall, inwards property tree rules
Meaning 3 To cave in can also mean to stop arguing and agree because of pressure.
The tree, 14 words mark nsubj compound:prt aux advmod mark xcomp xcomp cc conj case fixed obl punct root To PART cave NOUN in ADP can AUX also ADV mean VERB to PART stop VERB arguing VERB and CCONJ agree VERB because ADP of ADP pressure NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 cave mark 2 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 6 mean nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 2 cave compound:prt 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 mean aux 5 also also ADV _ 6 mean advmod 6 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 to to PART _ 8 stop mark 8 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 mean xcomp 9 arguing argue VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 stop xcomp 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 agree cc 11 agree agree VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 arguing conj 12 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 14 pressure case 13 of of ADP _ 12 because fixed 14 pressure pressure NOUN Number=Sing 11 agree obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can cave vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stop not said to happen to-infinitive cave not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 3 argue speech: disagree gerund cave not said here vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 agree speech: agree present cave not said here because pressure vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Bats sleep in the cave.
nsubj case det obl punct root Bats NOUN sleep VERB in ADP the DET cave NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 2 sleep nsubj 2 sleep sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 cave case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cave det 5 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 2 sleep obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 sleep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep present Bats the cave vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cave=Location
Example 2 Early people painted animals on cave walls.
amod nsubj obj case compound obl punct root Early ADJ people NOUN painted VERB animals NOUN on ADP cave NOUN walls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Early early ADJ Degree=Pos 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 painted nsubj 3 painted paint VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 3 painted obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 walls case 6 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 7 walls compound 7 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 3 painted obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 painted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 paint past Early people animals cave walls vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent animal=Theme on wall=Destination
Example 3 Water made this cave over thousands of years.
nsubj det obj case obl case nmod punct root Water NOUN made VERB this DET cave NOUN over ADP thousands NOUN of ADP years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 cave det 4 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 over over ADP _ 6 thousands case 6 thousands thousand NOUN Number=Plur 2 made obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 years case 8 years year NOUN Number=Plur 6 thousands nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Water this cave thousands of years vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cave=Product
Example 4 Don't go into caves without a guide.
aux advmod case obl case det obl punct root Do AUX n't PART go VERB into ADP caves NOUN without ADP a DET guide NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 go aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 go advmod 3 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 5 caves case 5 caves cave NOUN Number=Plur 3 go obl 6 without without ADP _ 8 guide case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 guide det 8 guide guide NOUN Number=Sing 3 go obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not go imperative · do-support you not said here caves without a guide vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into cave=Initial_Location
Example 5 The roof of the old mine caved in.
det case det amod nmod acl compound:prt punct root The DET roof NOUN of ADP the DET old ADJ mine NOUN caved VERB in ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 roof det 2 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 6 mine case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 mine det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 mine amod 6 mine mine NOUN Number=Sing 2 roof nmod 7 caved cave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 mine acl 8 in in ADP _ 7 caved compound:prt 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 roof punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cave in participle the old mine not said here tree rules
Example 6 We used torches to explore the cave.
nsubj obj mark advcl det obj punct root We PRON used VERB torches NOUN to PART explore VERB the DET cave NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 torches torch NOUN Number=Plur 2 used obj 4 to to PART _ 5 explore mark 5 explore explore VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cave det 7 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 5 explore obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past We torches vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Patient 2 explore to-infinitive We not said here the cave vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent cave=Location
Example 7 After an hour of begging, Dad caved in and bought the ice cream.
The tree, 13 words case det obl case nmod punct nsubj advmod cc conj det compound obj punct root After ADP an DET hour NOUN of ADP begging NOUN , PUNCT Dad PROPN caved VERB in ADV and CCONJ bought VERB the DET ice NOUN cream NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 hour case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 hour det 3 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 8 caved obl 4 of of ADP _ 5 begging case 5 begging begging NOUN Number=Sing 3 hour nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 hour punct 7 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 8 caved nsubj 8 caved cave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 in in ADV _ 8 caved advmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 bought cc 11 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 caved conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 cream det 13 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 14 cream compound 14 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 11 bought obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 caved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cave in past Dad hour tree rules 2 buy past Dad not said here the ice cream vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Theme
Example 8 He strode resolutely into the cave.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root He PRON strode VERB resolutely ADV into ADP the DET cave NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 strode nsubj 2 strode stride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 resolutely resolutely ADV _ 2 strode advmod 4 into into ADP _ 6 cave case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cave det 6 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 2 strode obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 strode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stride past He the cave resolutely property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into cave=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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