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cement

Who acts: grey powder, builders, cement mixer, you, They, trip · What happens: mix, make, become, stick, turn, not step · To what, where: grey powder, concrete, things, something, cement, wet cement

«cement» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cement in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A grey powder mixed with water, sand and stones to make concrete or mortar; it becomes hard when dry.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 powder	det
2	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 powder	amod
3	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 becomes	nsubj
4	mixed	mix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 powder	acl
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 water	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mixed	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 sand	punct
8	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 water	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 stones	cc
10	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 water	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 make	mark
12	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 mixed	advcl
13	concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 make	obj
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 mortar	cc
15	mortar	mortar	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 concrete	conj
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 becomes	punct
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 becomes	nsubj
18	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
19	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	18 becomes	advmod
20	when	when	SCONJ	_	21 dry	mark
21	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 becomes	xcomp
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	18 becomes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mix	participle		a grey powder not said here				with water and sand and stones	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with water=Co-Patient
2	make	to-infinitive		concrete or mortar					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset concrete=Product
3	become	present	a grey powder					dry, hard property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A strong glue.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 glue	det
2	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 glue	amod
3	glue	glue	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 glue	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

To stick things together with cement.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 stick	mark
2	stick	stick	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stick	obj
4	together	together	ADV	_	2 stick	advmod
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 cement	case
6	cement	cement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stick	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stick	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stick	to-infinitive		things				with cement; together property	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent thing=Destination with cement=Theme

Meaning 4

To make something stronger or more certain (cement a friendship).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 make	mark
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 make	obj
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 cement	amod
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 more	cc
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 stronger	conj
7	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cement	amod
8	(	(	PUNCT	_	9 cement	punct
9	cement	cement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 friendship	det
11	friendship	friendship	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cement	conj
12	)	)	PUNCT	_	11 friendship	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive		something					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset something=Beneficiary cement=Product

Example 1

The builders mixed cement for the new wall.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 builders	det
2	builders	builder	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	mixed	mix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 builders	acl
4	cement	cement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mixed	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 wall	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 wall	det
7	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 wall	amod
8	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mixed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 builders	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mix	participle	the builders not said here	cement				for the new wall	vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent cement=Product for wall=Beneficiary

Example 2

The cement mixer turned slowly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 mixer	det
2	cement	cement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mixer	compound
3	mixer	mixer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turned	nsubj
4	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	4 turned	advmod
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 turned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	past	the cement mixer					slowly property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Example 3

Don't step on the wet cement!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 step	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 step	advmod
3	step	step	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 cement	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cement	det
6	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cement	amod
7	cement	cement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 step	obl
8	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 step	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not step	imperative · do-support	you not said here			the wet cement			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on cement=Trajectory

Example 4

They cemented the bricks together.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 cemented	nsubj
2	cemented	cement	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bricks	det
4	bricks	brick	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cemented	obj
5	together	together	ADV	_	2 cemented	advmod
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 cemented	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cement	past	They	the bricks				together property	vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brick=Patient

Example 5

The trip cemented their friendship.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 trip	det
2	trip	trip	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cemented	nsubj
3	cemented	cement	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 friendship	nmod:poss
5	friendship	friendship	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cemented	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 cemented	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cement	past	the trip	their friendship					vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Patient

Example 6

Cement is made by heating limestone and clay.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cement	cement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 heating	mark
5	heating	heat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 made	advcl
6	limestone	limestone	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 heating	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 clay	cc
8	clay	clay	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 limestone	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Cement					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	heat	gerund		limestone and clay					vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent limestone=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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