certain Who acts: Certain, I, certain thing, It, ball, balls · What happens: mean, be, happen, not name, think, rise · To what, where: one, particular one, some, 12, door · Speech: someone speaks here
«certain» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: certain in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Certain means sure, with no doubt: «I am certain».
nsubj xcomp punct case det obl punct punct nsubj cop conj punct punct root Certain NOUN means VERB sure ADJ , PUNCT with ADP no DET doubt NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON am AUX certain ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Certain certain NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 doubt punct 5 with with ADP _ 7 doubt case 6 no no DET PronType=Neg 7 doubt det 7 doubt doubt NOUN Number=Sing 3 sure obl 8 : : PUNCT _ 12 certain punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 12 certain punct 10 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 certain nsubj 11 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 certain cop 12 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means conj 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 certain punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Certain sure property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is in a quote present I certain property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A certain thing is one that will happen for sure.
det amod nsubj cop nsubj aux acl:relcl case obl punct root A DET certain ADJ thing NOUN is AUX one NUM that PRON will AUX happen VERB for ADP sure ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 thing det 2 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 3 thing amod 3 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 5 one nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 one cop 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 happen nsubj 7 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 happen aux 8 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 one acl:relcl 9 for for ADP _ 10 sure case 10 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 8 happen obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a certain thing one tree rules 2 happen future for sure vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 «A certain» means a particular one that is not named: «a certain boy in our class».
The tree, 16 words punct det nsubj punct det amod obj obj aux:pass advmod acl:relcl punct punct det amod advcl case nmod:poss nmod punct punct root « PUNCT A DET certain ADJ » PUNCT means VERB a DET particular ADJ one NOUN that PRON is AUX not PART named VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET certain ADJ boy NOUN in ADP our PRON class NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 certain punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 certain det 3 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 certain punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 one det 7 particular particular ADJ Degree=Pos 8 one amod 8 one one NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 named obj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 named aux:pass 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 named advmod 12 named name VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 one acl:relcl 13 : : PUNCT _ 12 named punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 17 boy punct 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 boy det 16 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 17 boy amod 17 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 12 named advcl 18 in in ADP _ 20 class case 19 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 20 class nmod:poss 20 class class NOUN Number=Sing 17 boy nmod 21 » » PUNCT _ 17 boy punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present a certain a particular one vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic 2 not name present · passive a particular one vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: that=Theme
Meaning 4 «Certain» before a plural means some: «certain foods».
punct nsubj punct case det nmod obj punct punct amod appos punct punct root « PUNCT Certain NOUN » PUNCT before ADP a DET plural NOUN means VERB some DET : PUNCT « PUNCT certain ADJ foods NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Certain punct 2 Certain certain NOUN Number=Sing 7 means nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Certain punct 4 before before ADP _ 6 plural case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 plural det 6 plural plural NOUN Number=Sing 2 Certain nmod 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 some some DET PronType=Ind 7 means obj 9 : : PUNCT _ 8 some punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 foods punct 11 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 12 foods amod 12 foods food NOUN Number=Plur 8 some appos 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 foods punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Certain before a plural some vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Topic
Example 1 It is certain that the ball is red if all balls are red.
nsubj cop mark det nsubj cop advcl mark det nsubj cop advcl punct root It PRON is AUX certain ADJ that SCONJ the DET ball NOUN is AUX red ADJ if SCONJ all DET balls NOUN are AUX red ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 certain nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 certain cop 3 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 8 red mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ball det 6 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 8 red nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 red cop 8 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 3 certain advcl 9 if if SCONJ _ 13 red mark 10 all all DET PronType=Tot 11 balls det 11 balls ball NOUN Number=Plur 13 red nsubj 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 red cop 13 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 8 red advcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 certain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It certain property tree rules 2 is present the ball red property tree rules 3 is a condition, not said to happen present all balls red property tree rules
Example 2 A certain number plus 5 is 12.
det amod nsubj cc conj cop punct root A DET certain ADJ number NOUN plus CCONJ 5 NUM is AUX 12 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 number det 2 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 3 number amod 3 number number NOUN Number=Sing 7 12 nsubj 4 plus plus CCONJ _ 5 5 cc 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 number conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 12 cop 7 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 12 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a certain number 12 tree rules
Example 3 Is it certain, possible or impossible?
cop nsubj punct conj cc conj punct root Is AUX it PRON certain ADJ , PUNCT possible ADJ or CCONJ impossible ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 certain cop 2 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 certain nsubj 3 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 possible punct 5 possible possible ADJ Degree=Pos 3 certain conj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 impossible cc 7 impossible impossible ADJ Degree=Pos 3 certain conj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 certain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present it certain property tree rules 2 be tree rules 3 be tree rules
Example 4 He thinks of a certain number.
nsubj case det amod obl punct root He PRON thinks VERB of ADP a DET certain ADJ number NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 thinks nsubj 2 thinks think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 of of ADP _ 6 number case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 number det 5 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 6 number amod 6 number number NOUN Number=Sing 2 thinks obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 thinks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other present He of a certain number vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 It is certain that the sun will rise tomorrow.
nsubj cop mark det nsubj aux advcl obl:unmarked punct root It PRON is AUX certain ADJ that SCONJ the DET sun NOUN will AUX rise VERB tomorrow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 certain nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 certain cop 3 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 8 rise mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 sun det 6 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 8 rise nsubj 7 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 rise aux 8 rise rise VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 certain advcl 9 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN Number=Sing 8 rise obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 certain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It certain property tree rules 2 rise future the sun tomorrow vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Are you certain you locked the door?
cop nsubj nsubj ccomp det obj punct root Are AUX you PRON certain ADJ you PRON locked VERB the DET door NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 certain cop 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 certain nsubj 3 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 locked nsubj 5 locked lock VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 certain ccomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 door det 7 door door NOUN Number=Sing 5 locked obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 certain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present you certain property tree rules 2 lock past you the door vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient
Example 7 Certain plants are poisonous to dogs.
compound nsubj cop case obl punct root Certain NOUN plants NOUN are AUX poisonous ADJ to ADP dogs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Certain certain NOUN Number=Sing 2 plants compound 2 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 4 poisonous nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 poisonous cop 4 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to ADP _ 6 dogs case 6 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 4 poisonous obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 poisonous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Certain plants to dogs; poisonous property tree rules
Example 8 Rain is likely but not certain.
nsubj cop cc advmod conj punct root Rain NOUN is AUX likely ADJ but CCONJ not PART certain ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 likely nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 likely cop 3 likely likely ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 but but CCONJ _ 6 certain cc 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 certain advmod 6 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 3 likely conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 likely punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Rain likely property tree rules 2 not be Rain not said here tree rules
Example 9 “A schoolmate of his, a certain Pinocchio.”
punct det case nmod:poss punct det amod nmod punct punct root “ PUNCT A DET schoolmate NOUN of ADP his PRON , PUNCT a DET certain ADJ Pinocchio PROPN . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 3 schoolmate punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 schoolmate det 3 schoolmate schoolmate NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 9 Pinocchio case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 Pinocchio nmod:poss 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 Pinocchio punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 Pinocchio det 8 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 9 Pinocchio amod 9 Pinocchio Pinocchio PROPN Number=Sing 3 schoolmate nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 schoolmate punct 11 ” " PUNCT _ 3 schoolmate punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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