certainly Who acts: polite way, someone, it, I, You, She · What happens: mean, be, say, ask, open, look · To what, where: polite way, window, library, long walk, three sides, it · Speech: someone speaks here
«certainly» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: certainly in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Certainly means without any doubt; surely.
advmod case det obl punct advmod punct root Certainly ADV means VERB without ADP any DET doubt NOUN ; PUNCT surely ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Certainly certainly ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 without without ADP _ 5 doubt case 4 any any DET PronType=Ind 5 doubt det 5 doubt doubt NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 2 means punct 7 surely surely ADV _ 2 means advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present without any doubt; certainly, surely property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Certainly is a polite way of saying «yes» or «of course» when someone asks for something.
The tree, 16 words advmod cop det amod mark acl punct obj punct cc punct case conj punct advmod nsubj advcl case obl punct root Certainly ADV is AUX a DET polite ADJ way NOUN of SCONJ saying VERB « PUNCT yes INTJ » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT of ADP course NOUN » PUNCT when ADV someone PRON asks VERB for ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Certainly certainly ADV _ 5 way advmod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 way cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 way det 4 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 5 way amod 5 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of SCONJ _ 7 saying mark 7 saying say VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 way acl 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 yes punct 9 yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 7 saying obj 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 yes punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 14 course cc 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 course punct 13 of of ADP _ 14 course case 14 course course NOUN Number=Sing 9 yes conj 15 » » PUNCT _ 9 yes punct 16 when when ADV PronType=Int 18 asks advmod 17 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 18 asks nsubj 18 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 saying advcl 19 for for ADP _ 20 something case 20 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 18 asks obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a polite way certainly property tree rules 2 say speech: assert gerund a polite way not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent yes=Topic 3 ask speech: ask present someone for something vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Certainly can mean «it is true that…», before a «but».
The tree, 10 words advmod aux punct nsubj cop ccomp case punct punct punct case det punct obj punct punct root Certainly ADV can AUX mean VERB « PUNCT it PRON is AUX true ADJ that ADP … PUNCT » PUNCT , PUNCT before ADP a DET « PUNCT but CCONJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Certainly certainly ADV _ 3 mean advmod 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 7 true punct 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 true nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 true cop 7 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean ccomp 8 that that ADP _ 7 true case 9 … . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct 10 » » PUNCT _ 3 mean punct 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 but punct 12 before before ADP _ 15 but case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 but det 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 but punct 15 but but CCONJ _ 3 mean obj 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 but punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can certainly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent but=Topic 2 is in a quote present it true property tree rules
Example 1 «May I open the window?» «Certainly.»
Sentence 1: «May I open the window?»
punct aux nsubj det obj punct punct root « PUNCT May AUX I PRON open VERB the DET window NOUN ? PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 open punct 2 May may AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 open aux 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 open nsubj 4 open open VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 window det 6 window window NOUN Number=Sing 4 open obj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 open punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 4 open punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open in a quote may I the window vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme
Sentence 2: «Certainly.»
punct punct punct root « PUNCT Certainly ADV . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Certainly punct 2 Certainly certainly ADV _ root root 3 . . PUNCT _ 2 Certainly punct 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Certainly punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 It will certainly rain later — look at those clouds.
nsubj aux advmod advmod punct parataxis case det obl punct root It PRON will AUX certainly ADV rain NOUN later ADV — PUNCT look VERB at ADP those DET clouds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 rain nsubj 2 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 rain aux 3 certainly certainly ADV _ 4 rain advmod 4 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 4 rain advmod 6 — - PUNCT _ 7 look punct 7 look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 rain parataxis 8 at at ADP _ 10 clouds case 9 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 10 clouds det 10 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 7 look obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 rain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look infinitive at that clouds vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at cloud=Theme
Example 3 You certainly worked hard on this project.
nsubj advmod advmod case det obl punct root You PRON certainly ADV worked VERB hard ADV on ADP this DET project NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 worked nsubj 2 certainly certainly ADV _ 3 worked advmod 3 worked work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 3 worked advmod 5 on on ADP _ 7 project case 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 project det 7 project project NOUN Number=Sing 3 worked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 worked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work past You on this project; certainly, hard property vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on project=Theme
Example 4 «Can I stay up all night?» «Certainly not!»
Sentence 1: «Can I stay up all night?»
punct aux nsubj compound:prt det obl:unmarked punct punct root « PUNCT Can AUX I PRON stay VERB up ADP all DET night NOUN ? PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 stay punct 2 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 stay aux 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 stay nsubj 4 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 stay compound:prt 6 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 night det 7 night night NOUN Number=Sing 4 stay obl:unmarked 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 stay punct 9 » » PUNCT _ 4 stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay up in a quote can I night vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: «Certainly not!»
punct advmod punct punct root « PUNCT Certainly ADV not PART ! PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 not punct 2 Certainly certainly ADV _ 3 not advmod 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg root root 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 not punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 not punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5 She is almost certainly at the library.
nsubj cop advmod advmod case det punct root She PRON is AUX almost ADV certainly ADV at ADP the DET library NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 library nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 library cop 3 almost almost ADV _ 4 certainly advmod 4 certainly certainly ADV _ 7 library advmod 5 at at ADP _ 7 library case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 library det 7 library library NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 library punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present She the library certainly property tree rules
Example 6 It was certainly a long walk, but it was fun.
nsubj cop advmod det amod punct cc nsubj cop conj punct root It PRON was AUX certainly ADV a DET long ADJ walk NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ it PRON was AUX fun ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 walk nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 walk cop 3 certainly certainly ADV _ 6 walk advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 walk det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 walk amod 6 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 fun punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 11 fun cc 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 fun nsubj 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 fun cop 11 fun fun ADJ Degree=Pos 6 walk conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a long walk certainly property tree rules 2 is past walk fun property tree rules
Example 7 The team will most certainly win if they play like that.
det nsubj aux advmod advmod mark nsubj ccomp case obl punct root The DET team NOUN will AUX most ADV certainly ADV win VERB if SCONJ they PRON play VERB like ADP that PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 team det 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 6 win nsubj 3 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 win aux 4 most most ADV Degree=Sup 5 certainly advmod 5 certainly certainly ADV _ 6 win advmod 6 win win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 if if SCONJ _ 9 play mark 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 play nsubj 9 play play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 win ccomp 10 like like ADP _ 11 that case 11 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 play obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 win punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win future the team certainly property tree rules 2 play a condition, not said to happen present they like that vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 A triangle certainly has three sides.
det nsubj advmod nummod obj punct root A DET triangle NOUN certainly ADV has VERB three NUM sides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 triangle det 2 triangle triangle NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 3 certainly certainly ADV _ 4 has advmod 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 sides nummod 6 sides side NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a triangle three sides certainly property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient
Example 9 "Certainly; and I can do it."
punct advmod punct cc nsubj aux obj punct punct root " PUNCT Certainly ADV ; PUNCT and CCONJ I PRON can AUX do VERB it PRON . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 7 do punct 2 Certainly certainly ADV _ 7 do advmod 3 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 do punct 4 and and CCONJ _ 7 do cc 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 do nsubj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 do aux 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 do obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 do punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 7 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do in a quote can I it certainly property vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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