cf Who acts: Latin word, confer, Rabbit, text, I, dictionary · What happens: mean, compare, tell, look, be, say · To what, where: reader, smaller animal, cf, chapter, notes, compare · Speech: someone speaks here
«cf» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cf in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal, writing — kept apart, not parsed.
Short for the Latin word «confer», meaning «compare»; it tells the reader to look at another thing and compare it with this one.
The tree, 23 words case det amod obl punct appos punct punct acl punct ccomp punct punct nsubj conj det iobj mark xcomp case det obl cc conj obj case det obl punct root Short ADJ for ADP the DET Latin ADJ word NOUN « PUNCT confer NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT meaning VERB « PUNCT compare VERB » PUNCT ; PUNCT it PRON tells VERB the DET reader NOUN to PART look VERB at ADP another DET thing NOUN and CCONJ compare VERB it PRON with ADP this DET one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Short short ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 for for ADP _ 5 word case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 word det 4 Latin Latin ADJ Degree=Pos 5 word amod 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing 1 Short obl 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 confer punct 7 confer confer NOUN Number=Sing 5 word appos 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 confer punct 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 meaning punct 10 meaning mean VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 word acl 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 compare punct 12 compare compare VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 meaning ccomp 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 compare punct 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 tells punct 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 tells nsubj 16 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Short conj 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 reader det 18 reader reader NOUN Number=Sing 16 tells iobj 19 to to PART _ 20 look mark 20 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 tells xcomp 21 at at ADP _ 23 thing case 22 another another DET PronType=Ind 23 thing det 23 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 20 look obl 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 compare cc 25 compare compare VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 look conj 26 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 compare obj 27 with with ADP _ 29 one case 28 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 29 one det 29 one one NOUN Number=Sing 25 compare obl 30 . . PUNCT _ 1 Short punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean gerund the Latin word not said here vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 compare in a quote infinitive vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 tell speech: assert present confer the reader vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent reader=Recipient clause=Topic 4 look not said to happen to-infinitive confer not said here at another thing vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at thing=Theme 5 compare infinitive confer not said here reader with this one vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient with one=Co-Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Rabbit (cf. hare) is a smaller animal with shorter ears.
nsubj punct appos punct conj punct cop det amod case amod nmod punct root Rabbit NOUN ( PUNCT cf NOUN . PUNCT hare NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX a DET smaller ADJ animal NOUN with ADP shorter ADJ ears NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rabbit rabbit NOUN Number=Sing 10 animal nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 cf punct 3 cf cf NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rabbit appos 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 cf punct 5 hare hare NOUN Number=Sing 3 cf conj 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 cf punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 animal cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 animal det 9 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 10 animal amod 10 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 with with ADP _ 13 ears case 12 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 13 ears amod 13 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 10 animal nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Rabbit a smaller animal with shorter ears tree rules
Example 2 The text says "cf. chapter 3" so I turned to chapter 3.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj punct obj punct conj flat punct advmod nsubj advcl mark obj flat punct root The DET text NOUN says VERB " PUNCT cf NOUN . PUNCT chapter NOUN 3 NUM " PUNCT so ADV I PRON turned VERB to PART chapter NOUN 3 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 text det 2 text text NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 " " PUNCT _ 5 cf punct 5 cf cf NOUN Number=Sing 3 says obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 cf punct 7 chapter chapter NOUN Number=Sing 5 cf conj 8 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 chapter flat 9 " " PUNCT _ 5 cf punct 10 so so ADV _ 12 turned advmod 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 turned nsubj 12 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 says advcl 13 to to PART _ 14 chapter mark 14 chapter chapter NOUN Number=Sing 12 turned obj 15 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 chapter flat 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the text cf and chapter vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cf=Topic 2 turn past I chapter vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent chapter=Theme
Example 3 The dictionary wrote "cf. affect" next to "effect".
det nsubj punct obj punct conj punct advmod case punct parataxis punct punct root The DET dictionary NOUN wrote VERB " PUNCT cf NOUN . PUNCT affect NOUN " PUNCT next ADV to ADP " PUNCT effect NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dictionary det 2 dictionary dictionary NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 " " PUNCT _ 5 cf punct 5 cf cf NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 7 affect punct 7 affect affect NOUN Number=Sing 5 cf conj 8 " " PUNCT _ 5 cf punct 9 next next ADV _ 12 effect advmod 10 to to ADP _ 12 effect case 11 " " PUNCT _ 12 effect punct 12 effect effect NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote parataxis 13 " " PUNCT _ 12 effect punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past the dictionary cf and affect vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent cf=Recipient clause=Topic
Example 4 In the notes it said: warm-blooded, cf. cold-blooded.
The tree, 10 words case det obl nsubj punct amod punct ccomp punct vocative punct amod punct advcl punct root In ADP the DET notes NOUN it PRON said VERB : PUNCT warm ADJ - PUNCT blooded ADJ , PUNCT cf NOUN . PUNCT cold ADJ - PUNCT blooded ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 notes case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 notes det 3 notes note NOUN Number=Plur 5 said obl 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 said nsubj 5 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 blooded punct 7 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 9 blooded amod 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 warm punct 9 blooded blooded ADJ Degree=Pos 5 said ccomp 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 cf punct 11 cf cf NOUN Number=Sing 9 blooded vocative 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 blooded punct 13 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 15 blooded amod 14 - - PUNCT _ 13 cold punct 15 blooded blooded ADJ Degree=Pos 9 blooded advcl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past it the notes vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in note=Manner
Example 5 Cf. means "compare", not "see also" exactly.
nsubj punct punct obj punct punct advmod punct parataxis advmod punct advmod punct root Cf NOUN . PUNCT means VERB " PUNCT compare NOUN " PUNCT , PUNCT not PART " PUNCT see VERB also ADV " PUNCT exactly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cf cf NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 2 . . PUNCT _ 1 Cf punct 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 " " PUNCT _ 5 compare punct 5 compare compare NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obj 6 " " PUNCT _ 5 compare punct 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 see punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 see advmod 9 " " PUNCT _ 10 see punct 10 see see VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 means parataxis 11 also also ADV _ 10 see advmod 12 " " PUNCT _ 10 see punct 13 exactly exactly ADV _ 10 see advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Cf compare tree rules 2 not see in a quote infinitive exactly property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 The teacher wrote "cf. last week's poem" on the board.
The tree, 11 words det nsubj punct obj punct amod nmod:poss case obl punct case det obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN wrote VERB " PUNCT cf NOUN . PUNCT last ADJ week NOUN 's PART poem NOUN " PUNCT on ADP the DET board NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 " " PUNCT _ 5 cf punct 5 cf cf NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct 7 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 8 week amod 8 week week NOUN Number=Sing 10 poem nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 week case 10 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obl 11 " " PUNCT _ 10 poem punct 12 on on ADP _ 14 board case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 board det 14 board board NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past the teacher cf the board last week's poem obl vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cf=Theme on board=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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