chad Who acts: Chad, capital, much, you, Lake, cousin Chad · What happens: be, punch out, make, become, play, leave · To what, where: large country, north central Africa, N'Djamena, Sahara desert, name, tiny bit · Speech: someone speaks here
«chad» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chad in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Chad is a large country in north-central Africa; its capital is N'Djamena and much of the north is Sahara desert.
The tree, 21 words nsubj cop det amod case compound punct amod nmod punct nmod:poss nsubj cop appos cc nsubj case det nmod cop compound conj punct root Chad NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ country NOUN in ADP north ADV - PUNCT central ADJ Africa PROPN ; PUNCT its PRON capital NOUN is AUX N'Djamena PROPN and CCONJ much ADJ of ADP the DET north NOUN is AUX Sahara PROPN desert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chad chad NOUN Number=Sing 5 country nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 country cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 country det 4 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 5 country amod 5 country country NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 10 Africa case 7 north north ADV _ 10 Africa compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 north punct 9 central central ADJ Degree=Pos 10 Africa amod 10 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 5 country nmod 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 N'Djamena punct 12 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 capital nmod:poss 13 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing 15 N'Djamena nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 N'Djamena cop 15 N'Djamena N'Djamena PROPN Number=Sing 5 country appos 16 and and CCONJ _ 23 desert cc 17 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 23 desert nsubj 18 of of ADP _ 20 north case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 north det 20 north north NOUN Number=Sing 17 much nmod 21 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 desert cop 22 Sahara Sahara PROPN Number=Sing 23 desert compound 23 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 15 N'Djamena conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 country punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Chad a large country north central Africa tree rules 2 is a present Chad's capital N'Djamena and Sahara desert tree rules 3 is a present much of the north Sahara desert tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Chad is a man's name (a name).
nsubj cop det nmod:poss case punct det appos punct punct root Chad NOUN is AUX a DET man NOUN 's PART name NOUN ( PUNCT a DET name NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chad chad NOUN Number=Sing 6 name nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 name cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 man det 4 man man NOUN Number=Sing 6 name nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 man case 6 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ( ( PUNCT _ 9 name punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 name det 9 name name NOUN Number=Sing 6 name appos 10 ) ) PUNCT _ 9 name punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Chad a man's name tree rules
Meaning 3 A chad is the tiny bit of paper punched out when you make a hole in a card or ballot paper.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod acl compound:prt advmod nsubj advcl det obj case det nmod cc compound conj punct root A DET chad NOUN is AUX the DET tiny ADJ bit NOUN of ADP paper NOUN punched VERB out ADP when ADV you PRON make VERB a DET hole NOUN in ADP a DET card NOUN or CCONJ ballot NOUN paper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chad det 2 chad chad NOUN Number=Sing 6 bit nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bit cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bit det 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bit amod 6 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 paper case 8 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 6 bit nmod 9 punched punch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 bit acl 10 out out ADP _ 9 punched compound:prt 11 when when ADV PronType=Int 13 make advmod 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 make nsubj 13 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 punched advcl 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 hole det 15 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 13 make obj 16 in in ADP _ 18 card case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 card det 18 card card NOUN Number=Sing 15 hole nmod 19 or or CCONJ _ 21 paper cc 20 ballot ballot NOUN Number=Sing 21 paper compound 21 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 18 card conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 bit punct
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1 is a present a chad the tiny bit of paper tree rules 2 punch out participle the tiny bit not said here vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 make present you a hole a card or ballot paper vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Product
Meaning 4 Usage: slang, internet — kept apart, not parsed.
A «Chad» is a joke name for a confident, sporty, popular young man.
The tree, 13 words det punct nsubj punct cop det compound case det amod punct amod punct amod amod nmod punct root A DET « PUNCT Chad NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET joke NOUN name NOUN for ADP a DET confident ADJ , PUNCT sporty ADJ , PUNCT popular ADJ young ADJ man NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 Chad det 2 « « PUNCT _ 3 Chad punct 3 Chad chad NOUN Number=Sing 8 name nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 Chad punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 name cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 name det 7 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 8 name compound 8 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 for for ADP _ 17 man case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 man det 11 confident confident ADJ Degree=Pos 17 man amod 12 , , PUNCT _ 11 confident punct 13 sporty sporty ADJ Degree=Pos 15 popular amod 14 , , PUNCT _ 13 sporty punct 15 popular popular ADJ Degree=Pos 17 man amod 16 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 17 man amod 17 man man NOUN Number=Sing 8 name nmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 8 name punct
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1 is a present a Chad a joke name for a confident popular young man tree rules
Example 1 Chad is a country in Africa with no coastline.
nsubj cop det case nmod case det nmod punct root Chad NOUN is AUX a DET country NOUN in ADP Africa PROPN with ADP no DET coastline NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chad chad NOUN Number=Sing 4 country nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 country cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 country det 4 country country NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 Africa case 6 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 4 country nmod 7 with with ADP _ 9 coastline case 8 no no DET PronType=Neg 9 coastline det 9 coastline coastline NOUN Number=Sing 4 country nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 country punct
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1 is a present Chad a country Africa with no coastline tree rules
Example 2 Lake Chad has become much smaller.
nsubj flat aux advmod xcomp punct root Lake PROPN Chad PROPN has AUX become VERB much ADV smaller ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lake Lake PROPN Number=Sing 4 become nsubj 2 Chad Chad PROPN Number=Sing 1 Lake flat 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 become aux 4 become become VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 much much ADV _ 6 smaller advmod 6 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 become xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 smaller punct
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1 become present · perfect Lake small property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Example 3 My cousin Chad plays rugby.
nmod:poss compound nsubj obj punct root My PRON cousin NOUN Chad NOUN plays VERB rugby NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 Chad nmod:poss 2 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 3 Chad compound 3 Chad chad NOUN Number=Sing 4 plays nsubj 4 plays play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 rugby rugby NOUN Number=Sing 4 plays obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 plays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play present My cousin Chad rugby vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rugby=Theme
Example 4 The hole punch left little chads all over the desk.
det compound nsubj amod obj advmod case det obl punct root The DET hole NOUN punch NOUN left VERB little ADJ chads NOUN all ADV over ADP the DET desk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 punch det 2 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 3 punch compound 3 punch punch NOUN Number=Sing 4 left nsubj 4 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 6 chads amod 6 chads chad NOUN Number=Plur 4 left obj 7 all all ADV _ 10 desk advmod 8 over over ADP _ 10 desk case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 desk det 10 desk desk NOUN Number=Sing 4 left obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 left punct
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1 leave past the hole punch little chads the desk vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent chad=Theme over desk=Location
Example 5 Online, some people call a show-off «a Chad».
advmod punct det nsubj det compound punct obj punct det appos punct punct root Online ADV , PUNCT some DET people NOUN call VERB a DET show NOUN - PUNCT off NOUN « PUNCT a DET Chad PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Online online ADV _ 5 call advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Online punct 3 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 people det 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 call nsubj 5 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 off det 7 show show NOUN Number=Sing 9 off compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 9 off punct 9 off off NOUN Number=Sing 5 call obj 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 Chad punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 Chad det 12 Chad Chad PROPN Number=Sing 9 off appos 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 Chad punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 call punct
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1 call present some people a show off online property vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent off=Recipient
Example 6 We found Chad on the map, south of Libya.
nsubj obj case det obl punct conj case nmod punct root We PRON found VERB Chad PROPN on ADP the DET map NOUN , PUNCT south NOUN of ADP Libya PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Chad Chad PROPN Number=Sing 2 found obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 map case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 map det 6 map map NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 south punct 8 south south NOUN Number=Sing 6 map conj 9 of of ADP _ 10 Libya case 10 Libya Libya PROPN Number=Sing 8 south nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past We Chad the map and south of Libya vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chad=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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