chaff Who acts: dry husks, you, Something, Friendly teasing, farmer, wind · What happens: separate, thresh, cut, use, mean, keep · To what, where: wheat, hay, straw, good, someone, them · Speech: someone speaks here
«chaff» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chaff in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The dry husks (outer cases) of grain such as wheat, separated from the seeds when farmers thresh it.
The tree, 18 words det amod nsubj punct amod appos punct case nmod case fixed nmod punct advcl case det obl advmod nsubj obj punct root The DET dry ADJ husks NOUN ( PUNCT outer ADJ cases NOUN ) PUNCT of ADP grain NOUN such ADJ as ADP wheat NOUN , PUNCT separated VERB from ADP the DET seeds NOUN when ADV farmers NOUN thresh VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 husks det 2 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 3 husks amod 3 husks husk NOUN Number=Plur 20 thresh nsubj 4 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 cases punct 5 outer outer ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cases amod 6 cases case NOUN Number=Plur 3 husks appos 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 cases punct 8 of of ADP _ 9 grain case 9 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 3 husks nmod 10 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 12 wheat case 11 as as ADP _ 10 such fixed 12 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 9 grain nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 separated punct 14 separated separate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 thresh advcl 15 from from ADP _ 17 seeds case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 seeds det 17 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 14 separated obl 18 when when ADV PronType=Int 20 thresh advmod 19 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 20 thresh nsubj 20 thresh thresh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 21 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 thresh obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 20 thresh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 separate participle the dry husks of grain such wheat not said here from the seeds vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient from seed=Co-Patient 2 thresh present the dry husks of grain such wheat wheat tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Cut hay or straw used as animal food.
obj cc conj acl case compound obl punct root Cut VERB hay NOUN or CCONJ straw NOUN used VERB as ADP animal NOUN food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 hay hay NOUN Number=Sing 1 Cut obj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 straw cc 4 straw straw NOUN Number=Sing 2 hay conj 5 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 straw acl 6 as as ADP _ 8 food case 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 8 food compound 8 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 used obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut imperative you not said here hay or straw vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hay=Product 2 use participle straw not said here as animal food vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Something useless or worthless: «separate the wheat from the chaff» means keep the good and throw out the bad.
The tree, 19 words nsubj amod cc conj punct punct parataxis det obj case det obl punct ccomp det obj cc conj compound:prt det xcomp punct root Something PRON useless ADJ or CCONJ worthless ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT separate VERB the DET wheat NOUN from ADP the DET chaff NOUN » PUNCT means VERB keep VERB the DET good ADJ and CCONJ throw VERB out ADP the DET bad ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 means nsubj 2 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Something amod 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 worthless cc 4 worthless worthless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 useless conj 5 : : PUNCT _ 7 separate punct 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 separate punct 7 separate separate VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Something parataxis 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 wheat det 9 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 7 separate obj 10 from from ADP _ 12 chaff case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 chaff det 12 chaff chaff NOUN Number=Sing 7 separate obl 13 » » PUNCT _ 7 separate punct 14 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 15 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 means ccomp 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 good det 17 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 15 keep obj 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 throw cc 19 throw throw VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 keep conj 20 out out ADP _ 19 throw compound:prt 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 bad det 22 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 19 throw xcomp 23 . . PUNCT _ 14 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 separate in a quote infinitive the wheat from the chaff vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent wheat=Patient from chaff=Co-Patient 2 mean present Something vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 keep infinitive the good vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent good=Theme 4 throw out infinitive bad property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 4 Usage: old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.
Friendly teasing; to chaff someone means to tease them in fun.
amod nsubj punct mark acl:relcl obj mark xcomp obj case obl punct root Friendly ADJ teasing NOUN ; PUNCT to PART chaff VERB someone PRON means VERB to PART tease VERB them PRON in ADP fun NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 2 teasing amod 2 teasing teasing NOUN Number=Sing 7 means nsubj 3 ; ; PUNCT _ 5 chaff punct 4 to to PART _ 5 chaff mark 5 chaff chaff VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 teasing acl:relcl 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 chaff obj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 tease mark 9 tease tease VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means xcomp 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 tease obj 11 in in ADP _ 12 fun case 12 fun fun NOUN Number=Sing 9 tease obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chaff to-infinitive Friendly teasing not said here someone tree rules 2 mean present Friendly teasing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 tease not said to happen to-infinitive Friendly teasing not said here them = they fun vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
Example 1 The farmer threw the grain into the air and the wind blew the chaff away.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj det obj case det obl cc det nsubj conj det obj advmod punct root The DET farmer NOUN threw VERB the DET grain NOUN into ADP the DET air NOUN and CCONJ the DET wind NOUN blew VERB the DET chaff NOUN away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 threw nsubj 3 threw throw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 grain det 5 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 3 threw obj 6 into into ADP _ 8 air case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 air det 8 air air NOUN Number=Sing 3 threw obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 12 blew cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 wind det 11 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 12 blew nsubj 12 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 threw conj 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 chaff det 14 chaff chaff NOUN Number=Sing 12 blew obj 15 away away ADV _ 12 blew advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 threw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw past the farmer the grain into the air result vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer grain=Theme into air=Result 2 blow away past the wind the chaff away property vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent chaff=Patient
Example 2 Horses eat chaff mixed with oats.
nsubj obj acl case obl punct root Horses NOUN eat VERB chaff NOUN mixed VERB with ADP oats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 chaff chaff NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obj 4 mixed mix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 chaff acl 5 with with ADP _ 6 oats case 6 oats oat NOUN Number=Plur 4 mixed obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Horses chaff vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chaff=Patient 2 mix participle chaff not said here with oats vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with oat=Co-Patient
Example 3 We must sort the wheat from the chaff in these ideas.
nsubj aux det obj case det obl case det obl punct root We PRON must AUX sort VERB the DET wheat NOUN from ADP the DET chaff NOUN in ADP these DET ideas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 sort nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 sort aux 3 sort sort VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 wheat det 5 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 3 sort obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 chaff case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 chaff det 8 chaff chaff NOUN Number=Sing 3 sort obl 9 in in ADP _ 11 ideas case 10 these this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 11 ideas det 11 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 3 sort obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 sort punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sort must We the wheat the chaff in this ideas goal vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent wheat=Theme in idea=Goal
Example 4 The psalm says the wicked are like chaff that the wind blows away.
det nsubj det amod cop case ccomp mark det nsubj advcl advmod punct root The DET psalm NOUN says VERB the DET wicked ADJ are AUX like ADP chaff NOUN that SCONJ the DET wind NOUN blows VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 psalm det 2 psalm psalm NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 chaff det 5 wicked wicked ADJ Degree=Pos 8 chaff amod 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 chaff cop 7 like like ADP _ 8 chaff case 8 chaff chaff NOUN Number=Sing 3 says ccomp 9 that that SCONJ _ 12 blows mark 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 wind det 11 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 12 blows nsubj 12 blows blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 chaff advcl 13 away away ADV _ 12 blows advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the psalm vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present like the wicked chaff tree rules 3 blow away present the wind away property vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
Example 5 The older boys chaffed him about his new hat.
det amod nsubj obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root The DET older ADJ boys NOUN chaffed VERB him PRON about ADP his PRON new ADJ hat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 boys det 2 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 boys amod 3 boys boy NOUN Number=Plur 4 chaffed nsubj 4 chaffed chaff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 chaffed obj 6 about about ADP _ 9 hat case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 hat nmod:poss 8 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 9 hat amod 9 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 4 chaffed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 chaffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chaff past the older boys him = he about his new hat tree rules
Example 6 Chaff from the threshing machine covered the barn floor.
nsubj case det compound nmod det compound obj punct root Chaff NOUN from ADP the DET threshing NOUN machine NOUN covered VERB the DET barn NOUN floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chaff chaff NOUN Number=Sing 6 covered nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 5 machine case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 machine det 4 threshing threshing NOUN Number=Sing 5 machine compound 5 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 1 Chaff nmod 6 covered cover VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 floor det 8 barn barn NOUN Number=Sing 9 floor compound 9 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 6 covered obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past Chaff from the threshing machine the barn floor vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme floor=Destination
Example 7 Consequently, not knowing what had happened, he and the vizier's son walked away, the vizier's son chaffing him because he had missed the bird.
The tree, 26 words advmod punct advmod advcl nsubj aux ccomp punct nsubj cc det nmod:poss case conj advmod punct det nmod:poss case nsubj advcl obj mark nsubj aux advcl det obj punct root Consequently ADV , PUNCT not PART knowing VERB what PRON had AUX happened VERB , PUNCT he PRON and CCONJ the DET vizier NOUN 's PART son NOUN walked VERB away ADV , PUNCT the DET vizier NOUN 's PART son NOUN chaffing VERB him PRON because SCONJ he PRON had AUX missed VERB the DET bird NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Consequently consequently ADV _ 4 knowing advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 knowing punct 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 knowing advmod 4 knowing know VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 walked advcl 5 what what PRON PronType=Int 7 happened nsubj 6 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 happened aux 7 happened happen VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 knowing ccomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 knowing punct 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 walked nsubj 10 and and CCONJ _ 14 son cc 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 vizier det 12 vizier vizier NOUN Number=Sing 14 son nmod:poss 13 's 's PART _ 12 vizier case 14 son son NOUN Number=Sing 9 he conj 15 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 16 away away ADV _ 15 walked advmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 22 chaffing punct 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 vizier det 19 vizier vizier NOUN Number=Sing 21 son nmod:poss 20 's 's PART _ 19 vizier case 21 son son NOUN Number=Sing 22 chaffing nsubj 22 chaffing chaff VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 walked advcl 23 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 chaffing obj 24 because because SCONJ _ 27 missed mark 25 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 27 missed nsubj 26 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 27 missed aux 27 missed miss VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 22 chaffing advcl 28 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 29 bird det 29 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 27 missed obj 30 . . PUNCT _ 15 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not know gerund he not said here consequently property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 happen past · perfect vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 walk away past he away property vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 chaff gerund the vizier's son him = he tree rules 5 miss past · perfect son the bird vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous chafednext → chaffinch↑ back to C in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chaff/