chair Who acts: chair, person, meeting, 6 rows, table, many · What happens: be, run, have, stand, cost, push · To what, where: seat, person, meeting, 4 chairs, 20 dollars, chair
«chair» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chair in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A chair is a seat for one person, with a back and usually four legs.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det case nummod nmod punct case det nmod cc advmod nummod conj punct root A DET chair NOUN is AUX a DET seat NOUN for ADP one NUM person NOUN , PUNCT with ADP a DET back NOUN and CCONJ usually ADV four NUM legs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chair det 2 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 5 seat nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 seat cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 seat det 5 seat seat NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 person case 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 person nummod 8 person person NOUN Number=Sing 5 seat nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 back punct 10 with with ADP _ 12 back case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 back det 12 back back NOUN Number=Sing 5 seat nmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 legs cc 14 usually usually ADV _ 16 legs advmod 15 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 16 legs nummod 16 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 12 back conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 seat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chair a seat for one person; with a back and four legs tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The chair (chairperson) is the person who runs a meeting.
det nsubj punct appos punct cop det nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root The DET chair NOUN ( PUNCT chairperson NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX the DET person NOUN who PRON runs VERB a DET meeting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 chair det 2 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 8 person nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 chairperson punct 4 chairperson chairperson NOUN Number=Sing 2 chair appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 chairperson punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 person cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 person det 8 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 runs nsubj 10 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 person acl:relcl 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 meeting det 12 meeting meeting NOUN Number=Sing 10 runs obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the chair the person tree rules 2 run present the person a meeting vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme meeting=Trajectory
Meaning 3 To chair a meeting is to lead it.
mark advcl det nsubj cop mark obj punct root To PART chair NOUN a DET meeting NOUN is AUX to PART lead VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chair mark 2 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 7 lead advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 meeting det 4 meeting meeting NOUN Number=Sing 7 lead nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 lead cop 6 to to PART _ 7 lead mark 7 lead lead VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 lead obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 lead punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a meeting lead property tree rules
Example 1 There are 6 rows of 8 chairs.
expl nummod nsubj case nummod nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 6 NUM rows NOUN of ADP 8 NUM chairs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 rows nummod 4 rows row NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 7 chairs case 6 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 chairs nummod 7 chairs chair NOUN Number=Plur 4 rows nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 6 rows of 8 chairs there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Each table has 4 chairs.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET table NOUN has VERB 4 NUM chairs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 table det 2 table table NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 chairs nummod 5 chairs chair NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each table 4 chairs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chair=Patient
Example 3 30 people and 25 chairs: how many must stand?
nummod cc nummod conj punct advmod nsubj aux conj punct root 30 NUM people NOUN and CCONJ 25 NUM chairs NOUN : PUNCT how ADV many ADJ must AUX stand VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 people nummod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 chairs cc 4 25 25 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 chairs nummod 5 chairs chair NOUN Number=Plur 2 people conj 6 : : PUNCT _ 10 stand punct 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 8 many advmod 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 stand nsubj 9 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 stand aux 10 stand stand VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 people conj 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 people punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand must many vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 A chair costs 20 dollars.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET chair NOUN costs VERB 20 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chair det 2 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 3 costs nsubj 3 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 costs obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present a chair 20 dollars vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 5 Push your chair in when you leave.
nmod:poss obj mark mark nsubj advcl punct root Push VERB your PRON chair NOUN in SCONJ when SCONJ you PRON leave VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Push push VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 chair nmod:poss 3 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 1 Push obj 4 in in SCONJ _ 7 leave mark 5 when when SCONJ _ 7 leave mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 leave nsubj 7 leave leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Push advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Push punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push imperative you not said here your chair vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chair=Theme 2 leave present you vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 We played musical chairs at the party.
nsubj amod obj case det obl punct root We PRON played VERB musical ADJ chairs NOUN at ADP the DET party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 played nsubj 2 played play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 musical musical ADJ Degree=Pos 4 chairs amod 4 chairs chair NOUN Number=Plur 2 played obj 5 at at ADP _ 7 party case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 party det 7 party party NOUN Number=Sing 2 played obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 played punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play past We musical chairs the party vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chair=Theme
Example 7 Grandpa sat in his armchair.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root Grandpa PROPN sat VERB in ADP his PRON armchair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 armchair case 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 armchair nmod:poss 5 armchair armchair NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past Grandpa Grandpa's armchair vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in armchair=Location
Example 8 She uses a wheelchair to get around.
nsubj det obj mark advcl advmod punct root She PRON uses VERB a DET wheelchair NOUN to PART get VERB around ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 uses nsubj 2 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 wheelchair det 4 wheelchair wheelchair NOUN Number=Sing 2 uses obj 5 to to PART _ 6 get mark 6 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 uses advcl 7 around around ADV _ 6 get advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present She a wheelchair vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheelchair=Patient 2 get around to-infinitive She not said here around property vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient
Example 9 The baby ate in her high chair.
det nsubj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root The DET baby NOUN ate VERB in ADP her PRON high ADJ chair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 ate nsubj 3 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 7 chair case 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 chair nmod:poss 6 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 7 chair amod 7 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 3 ate obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past the baby baby's high chair vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 10 Don't lean back on your chair.
aux advmod advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root Do AUX n't PART lean VERB back ADV on ADP your PRON chair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 lean aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 lean advmod 3 lean lean VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 back back ADV _ 3 lean advmod 5 on on ADP _ 7 chair case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 chair nmod:poss 7 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 3 lean obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 lean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not lean back imperative · do-support you not said here your chair vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on chair=Location
Example 11 ‘Who’s been sitting on my little chair?’
punct nsubj aux aux case nmod:poss amod obl punct punct root ‘ PUNCT Who PRON ’s AUX been AUX sitting VERB on ADP my PRON little ADJ chair NOUN ? PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 5 sitting punct 2 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 5 sitting nsubj 3 ’s be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sitting aux 4 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 sitting aux 5 sitting sit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 on on ADP _ 9 chair case 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 chair nmod:poss 8 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 9 chair amod 9 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 5 sitting obl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 sitting punct 11 ’ ' PUNCT _ 5 sitting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit present · progressive my little chair vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on chair=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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