chap Who acts: chap, Chaps, Mr, friendly chap, Grandpa, you · What happens: be, wear, chap, become, crack, run · To what, where: man, leather leg coverings, trousers, door, short way, friendly chap · Speech: someone speaks here
«chap» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chap in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: UK, informal, a bit old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.
A chap is a man or boy, a fellow.
det nsubj cop det cc conj punct det conj punct root A DET chap NOUN is AUX a DET man NOUN or CCONJ boy NOUN , PUNCT a DET fellow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chap det 2 chap chap NOUN Number=Sing 5 man nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 man cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 man det 5 man man NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 boy cc 7 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 5 man conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 fellow punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 fellow det 10 fellow fellow NOUN Number=Sing 5 man conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 man punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chap a man or boy and a fellow tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Chaps are leather leg coverings worn by cowboys over their trousers.
nsubj cop amod compound acl case obl case nmod:poss obl punct root Chaps NOUN are AUX leather ADJ leg NOUN coverings NOUN worn VERB by ADP cowboys NOUN over ADP their PRON trousers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chaps chap NOUN Number=Plur 5 coverings nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 coverings cop 3 leather leather ADJ Degree=Pos 5 coverings amod 4 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 5 coverings compound 5 coverings covering NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 worn wear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 coverings acl 7 by by ADP _ 8 cowboys case 8 cowboys cowboy NOUN Number=Plur 6 worn obl 9 over over ADP _ 11 trousers case 10 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 trousers nmod:poss 11 trousers trousers NOUN Number=Plur 6 worn obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 coverings punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Chaps leather leg coverings tree rules 2 wear participle leather leg coverings not said here Chaps's trousers by cowboys vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To chap is for skin or lips to become dry, rough and cracked, usually from cold or wind.
The tree, 18 words mark cop case obj cc conj mark advcl xcomp punct conj cc conj punct advmod case parataxis cc conj punct root To PART chap VERB is AUX for ADP skin NOUN or CCONJ lips NOUN to PART become VERB dry ADJ , PUNCT rough ADJ and CCONJ cracked VERB , PUNCT usually ADV from ADP cold ADJ or CCONJ wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chap mark 2 chap chap VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 skin cop 4 for for ADP _ 5 skin case 5 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 2 chap obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 lips cc 7 lips lip NOUN Number=Plur 5 skin conj 8 to to PART _ 9 become mark 9 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 chap advcl 10 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 9 become xcomp 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 rough punct 12 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 10 dry conj 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 cracked cc 14 cracked crack VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 dry conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 cold punct 16 usually usually ADV _ 18 cold advmod 17 from from ADP _ 18 cold case 18 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 2 chap parataxis 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 wind cc 20 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 18 cold conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 2 chap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chap to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present for skin or lips tree rules 3 become to-infinitive dry property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 4 crack past vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 Usage: Scotland, Northern Ireland — kept apart, not parsed.
To chap is to knock on a door.
mark csubj cop mark case det obl punct root To PART chap VERB is AUX to PART knock VERB on ADP a DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chap mark 2 chap chap VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 knock csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 knock cop 4 to to PART _ 5 knock mark 5 knock knock VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 on on ADP _ 8 door case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 door det 8 door door NOUN Number=Sing 5 knock obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 knock punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chap to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present a door knock property tree rules
Meaning 5 In old books, chap is a short way of writing chapter, such as "chap. vii" for chapter seven.
The tree, 18 words case amod nmod:poss punct nsubj cop det amod case compound nmod punct case fixed punct appos punct appos punct case nmod flat punct root In ADP old ADJ books NOUN , PUNCT chap NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ way NOUN of ADP writing NOUN chapter NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP " PUNCT chap NOUN . PUNCT vii NOUN " PUNCT for ADP chapter NOUN seven NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 books case 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 books amod 3 books book NOUN Number=Plur 5 chap nmod:poss 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 books punct 5 chap chap NOUN Number=Sing 9 way nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 way cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 way det 8 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 9 way amod 9 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 of of ADP _ 12 chapter case 11 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 12 chapter compound 12 chapter chapter NOUN Number=Sing 9 way nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 chap punct 14 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 17 chap case 15 as as ADP _ 14 such fixed 16 " " PUNCT _ 17 chap punct 17 chap chap NOUN Number=Sing 9 way appos 18 . . PUNCT _ 19 vii punct 19 vii vii NOUN Number=Sing 17 chap appos 20 " " PUNCT _ 19 vii punct 21 for for ADP _ 22 chapter case 22 chapter chapter NOUN Number=Sing 17 chap nmod 23 seven seven NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 22 chapter flat 24 . . PUNCT _ 9 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present old books's chap a short way of writing chapter tree rules
Example 1 Mr Davies is a friendly chap who runs the corner shop.
nsubj flat cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl det compound obj punct root Mr PROPN Davies PROPN is AUX a DET friendly ADJ chap NOUN who PRON runs VERB the DET corner NOUN shop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mr Mr PROPN Number=Sing 6 chap nsubj 2 Davies Davies PROPN Number=Plur 1 Mr flat 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 chap cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 chap det 5 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 6 chap amod 6 chap chap NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 runs nsubj 8 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 chap acl:relcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 shop det 10 corner corner NOUN Number=Sing 11 shop compound 11 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 8 runs obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 chap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Mr a friendly chap tree rules 2 run present a friendly chap the corner shop vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shop=Trajectory
Example 2 «Well done, old chap!» said Grandpa.
punct advmod ccomp punct amod obl punct punct nsubj punct root « PUNCT Well ADV done VERB , PUNCT old ADJ chap NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT said VERB Grandpa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 done punct 2 Well well ADV Degree=Pos 3 done advmod 3 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 said ccomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 chap punct 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 chap amod 6 chap chap NOUN Number=Sing 3 done obl 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 done punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 3 done punct 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 9 said nsubj 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do in a quote participle old chap well property vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: express past Grandpa vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 3 My lips are chapped from the cold wind.
nmod:poss nsubj aux:pass case det amod obl punct root My PRON lips NOUN are AUX chapped VERB from ADP the DET cold ADJ wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 lips nmod:poss 2 lips lip NOUN Number=Plur 4 chapped nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 chapped aux:pass 4 chapped chap VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 from from ADP _ 8 wind case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 wind det 7 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 8 wind amod 8 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 4 chapped obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 chapped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chap present · passive My lips the cold wind tree rules
Example 4 Use hand cream so your hands don't chap.
compound obj mark nmod:poss nsubj aux advmod advcl punct root Use VERB hand NOUN cream NOUN so SCONJ your PRON hands NOUN do AUX n't PART chap VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 3 cream compound 3 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 so so SCONJ _ 9 chap mark 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 hands nmod:poss 6 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 9 chap nsubj 7 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 chap aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 chap advmod 9 chap chap VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Use advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here hand cream vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Patient 2 not chap present · do-support your hands tree rules
Example 5 The cowboy pulled on his leather chaps.
det nsubj mark nmod:poss nsubj advcl punct root The DET cowboy NOUN pulled VERB on SCONJ his PRON leather NOUN chaps VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cowboy det 2 cowboy cowboy NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled nsubj 3 pulled pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on SCONJ _ 7 chaps mark 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 leather nmod:poss 6 leather leather NOUN Number=Sing 7 chaps nsubj 7 chaps chap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 pulled advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 pulled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull past the cowboy vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 chap present cowboy's leather tree rules
Example 6 (Scotland) Chap the door and see if he's in.
punct nsubj punct det obj cc conj mark nsubj cop ccomp punct root ( PUNCT Scotland PROPN ) PUNCT Chap VERB the DET door NOUN and CCONJ see VERB if SCONJ he PRON 's AUX in ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Scotland punct 2 Scotland Scotland PROPN Number=Sing 4 Chap nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Scotland punct 4 Chap chap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 door det 6 door door NOUN Number=Sing 4 Chap obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 see cc 8 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 Chap conj 9 if if SCONJ _ 12 in mark 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 in nsubj 11 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 in cop 12 in in ADV _ 8 see ccomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 Chap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chap present Scotland the door tree rules 2 see infinitive Scotland not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 is a condition, not said to happen present Scotland in property tree rules
Example 7 The little chap has saved our lives now.”
det amod nsubj:pass aux nmod:poss obj advmod punct punct root The DET little ADJ chap NOUN has AUX saved VERB our PRON lives NOUN now ADV . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 chap det 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 chap amod 3 chap chap NOUN Number=Sing 5 saved nsubj:pass 4 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 saved aux 5 saved save VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 lives nmod:poss 7 lives life NOUN Number=Plur 5 saved obj 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 5 saved advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 saved punct 10 ” " PUNCT _ 5 saved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 save present · perfect · passive the little chap now vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary life=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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