chattering Who acts: girls, you, teeth, We, teacher, Monkeys · What happens: talk, chatter, knock together, be, make, repeat · To what, where: corridor, quick high repeated sounds, quick rattling noises, trees, roof, another · Speech: someone speaks here
«chattering» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chattering in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Talking quickly and a lot about small, unimportant things: «The girls were chattering in the corridor.».
The tree, 16 words advcl advmod cc det conj case amod punct amod nmod punct punct det nsubj aux case det obl punct punct punct root Talking VERB quickly ADV and CCONJ a DET lot NOUN about ADP small ADJ , PUNCT unimportant ADJ things NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET girls NOUN were AUX chattering VERB in ADP the DET corridor NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Talking talk VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 chattering advcl 2 quickly quickly ADV _ 1 Talking advmod 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 lot cc 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lot det 5 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 1 Talking conj 6 about about ADP _ 10 things case 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 10 things amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 small punct 9 unimportant unimportant ADJ Degree=Pos 10 things amod 10 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 5 lot nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 1 Talking punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 16 chattering punct 13 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 girls det 14 girls girl NOUN Number=Plur 16 chattering nsubj 15 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 chattering aux 16 chattering chatter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 17 in in ADP _ 19 corridor case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 corridor det 19 corridor corridor NOUN Number=Sing 16 chattering obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 16 chattering punct 21 » » PUNCT _ 16 chattering punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 16 chattering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk gerund the girls not said here quickly property vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 chatter in a quote past · progressive the girls the corridor vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in corridor=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: of teeth — kept apart, not parsed.
Knocking together quickly because you are cold or scared: «My teeth were chattering.».
The tree, 13 words csubj advmod advmod mark nsubj cop cc conj punct punct nmod:poss nsubj aux parataxis punct punct punct root Knocking VERB together ADV quickly ADV because SCONJ you PRON are AUX cold ADJ or CCONJ scared ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT My PRON teeth NOUN were AUX chattering VERB . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Knocking knock VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 cold csubj 2 together together ADV _ 1 Knocking advmod 3 quickly quickly ADV _ 1 Knocking advmod 4 because because SCONJ _ 7 cold mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 cold nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cold cop 7 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 scared cc 9 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cold conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 15 chattering punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 15 chattering punct 12 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 teeth nmod:poss 13 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 15 chattering nsubj 14 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 chattering aux 15 chattering chatter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 cold parataxis 16 . . PUNCT _ 15 chattering punct 17 » » PUNCT _ 15 chattering punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 cold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 knock together gerund quickly, together property vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient 2 is present you cold property tree rules 3 be you not said here tree rules 4 chatter in a quote past · progressive My teeth vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: of birds, monkeys, squirrels — kept apart, not parsed.
Making quick, high, repeated sounds.
amod punct amod punct amod obj punct root Making VERB quick ADJ , PUNCT high ADJ , PUNCT repeated VERB sounds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 quick quick ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sounds amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 quick punct 4 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sounds amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 high punct 6 repeated repeat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 sounds amod 7 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 1 Making obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Making punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make gerund quick high repeated sounds vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product 2 repeat participle vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Meaning 4 Usage: of machines — kept apart, not parsed.
Making quick rattling noises.
amod compound obj punct root Making VERB quick ADJ rattling NOUN noises NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 quick quick ADJ Degree=Pos 4 noises amod 3 rattling rattling NOUN Number=Sing 4 noises compound 4 noises noise NOUN Number=Plur 1 Making obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Making punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make gerund quick rattling noises vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product
Example 1 We were chattering when the teacher walked in.
nsubj aux mark det nsubj advcl advmod punct root We PRON were AUX chattering VERB when SCONJ the DET teacher NOUN walked VERB in ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 chattering nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 chattering aux 3 chattering chatter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 when when SCONJ _ 7 walked mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 teacher det 6 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 7 walked nsubj 7 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 chattering advcl 8 in in ADV _ 7 walked advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 chattering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chatter past · progressive We vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 walk in past the teacher vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 My teeth were chattering after the swim in the cold sea.
nmod:poss nsubj aux case det obl case det amod nmod punct root My PRON teeth NOUN were AUX chattering VERB after ADP the DET swim NOUN in ADP the DET cold ADJ sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teeth nmod:poss 2 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 4 chattering nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 chattering aux 4 chattering chatter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 after after ADP _ 7 swim case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 swim det 7 swim swim NOUN Number=Sing 4 chattering obl 8 in in ADP _ 11 sea case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sea det 10 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 11 sea amod 11 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 7 swim nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 chattering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chatter past · progressive My teeth after the swim in the cold sea vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Monkeys were chattering in the trees.
nsubj aux case det obl punct root Monkeys NOUN were AUX chattering VERB in ADP the DET trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Monkeys monkey NOUN Number=Plur 3 chattering nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 chattering aux 3 chattering chatter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 trees case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 trees det 6 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 3 chattering obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 chattering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chatter past · progressive Monkeys the trees vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tree=Location
Example 4 Stop chattering and listen, please.
xcomp cc conj punct discourse punct root Stop VERB chattering VERB and CCONJ listen VERB , PUNCT please INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 chattering chatter VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 listen cc 4 listen listen VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 5 , , PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct 6 please please INTJ _ 1 Stop discourse 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 chatter gerund you not said here vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 listen infinitive you not said here vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The magpies kept chattering on the roof.
det nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root The DET magpies NOUN kept VERB chattering VERB on ADP the DET roof NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 magpies det 2 magpies magpie NOUN Number=Plur 3 kept nsubj 3 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 chattering chatter VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 kept xcomp 5 on on ADP _ 7 roof case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 roof det 7 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 4 chattering obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep past the magpies tree rules 2 chatter gerund the magpies not said here the roof vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on roof=Location
Example 6 The old engine was chattering loudly.
det amod nsubj aux advmod punct root The DET old ADJ engine NOUN was AUX chattering VERB loudly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 engine det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 engine amod 3 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 5 chattering nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 chattering aux 5 chattering chatter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 loudly loudly ADV _ 5 chattering advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 chattering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chatter past · progressive the old engine loudly property vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 ‘Yes, I am so cold that my teeth are chattering,’ said another.
The tree, 12 words punct discourse punct nsubj cop advmod nsubj mark nmod:poss nsubj aux advcl punct punct obj punct root ‘ PUNCT Yes INTJ , PUNCT I PRON am AUX so ADV cold ADJ that SCONJ my PRON teeth NOUN are AUX chattering VERB , PUNCT ’ PUNCT said VERB another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 7 cold punct 2 Yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 7 cold discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Yes punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 cold nsubj 5 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cold cop 6 so so ADV _ 7 cold advmod 7 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 15 said nsubj 8 that that SCONJ _ 12 chattering mark 9 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 teeth nmod:poss 10 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 12 chattering nsubj 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 chattering aux 12 chattering chatter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 cold advcl 13 , , PUNCT _ 7 cold punct 14 ’ ' PUNCT _ 7 cold punct 15 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 16 another another DET PronType=Ind 15 said obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 15 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I cold property tree rules 2 chatter present · progressive my teeth vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 say speech: assert past cold another vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent another=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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